-1- Method and Apparatus for Harnessing Latent Energy The subject of the invention is a method and apparatus based on it for generating usable energy in the form of electric current by converting the potential energy inherent in matter through electrical, electrostatic, and electromagnetic fields, which are arranged individually or in multiples in such a way that the force lines emanating from them intersect. Since, in the inventor's opinion, the observed processes that led to the invention are not readily explainable and comprehensible, it is necessary to preface some explanations about the nature of electric current itself and its interaction with the natural movements and processes of the atomic structure, whereby it should be noted that these explanations do not always align with generally accepted views, but rather touch on completely new perspectives for the most part. To avoid any misunderstanding, it should be pointed out from the outset that the "Law of Conservation of Energy" is fully recognized as valid, whereby only the definition of the words "energy" and "conservation" will need to be considered. If, for example, through a blow whose energy in foot-pound-seconds can be calculated precisely, a ton of dynamite is detonated by means of a fuse, and thereby an enormous energy, also precisely calculable in foot-pound-seconds, is released, it would not occur to anyone to claim for this process, in which an extraordinarily small excitation -2- energy" is opposed by an enormously much greater "excited energy", that the Law of Conservation of Energy should be described as incorrect. These are simply chemical processes (not of further interest here) which accomplish this "miracle". But if the Law of Conservation of Energy is viewed as correct, this energy cannot be "created" or "generated", but must have existed in some latent form, thus only transformed from a state of latency into a state of mobility. Just as a stone held at a certain height by a support possesses a latent energy, which is called the "energy of position" or "potential energy", which is transformed into the mobile "energy of motion" or "living force" when the supporting base is removed, so too, to stay with the example, in the ton of dynamite, merely a transformation of latent energy into mobile energy can take place. "Energy generation" is just as impossible as a "generation" of matter (if the latter even exists). Similarly, there can also be no "consumption", i.e., a "destruction" of energy. This too can only consist of a transformation, that is, in the creation of new "potential" "energy". Whether and to what extent transformations of matter occur in this process is irrelevant with regard to the practicality of this view. In any case, according to the applicant, this is the only correct interpretation of the "Law of Conservation of Energy." Accordingly, all phenomena of nature, regardless of whether they involve electrical, optical, acoustic, magnetic, biological, or ultimately spiritual processes, represent merely energy transformations. -3- A second question that absolutely must be examined is that of the nature and character of electric current. According to the previous understanding, electric current is based on the movement of "negative" particles of matter, the electrons, whereby these themselves only travel a distance of a few centimeters per second, while their "impact effect" (to call this process as such) is supposed to propagate at the speed of light. If one critically examines this view, independent of other considerations, one must logically come to the conclusion that cause and effect are absolutely confused with each other here. Nature knows [handwritten insert: no such absurdly large jumps that such a] proportionally small movement (and movement is indeed mobile energy, whose magnitude is determined by the eternally fundamental formula m·v²/2) should trigger such an enormous effect without transformation of matter. That would be precisely a view contradicting the validity of the Law of Conservation of Energy. According to the applicant's view, the process is exactly the reverse. The "negative" particles of matter, which have unfortunately been given the name electrons, have only a very indirect relation to the process of electric current. The electric current is an oscillation process, similar to the Hertzian electromagnetic waves, and the forward movement of the electrons is only a consequence of this, as they are pushed forward by the wave motion, similar to how a piece of wood floating on water is slowly pushed forward by the water particles that remain in their place in oscillating, so-called wave motion. The applicant would like to describe this process as a kind of radiation pressure. -4- Accordingly, electric current appears as something completely detached and independent from the "positive" character of the [crossed out: electrons] protons and the "negative" of the electrons, thus merely as an oscillation process whose wavelength remains to be determined in Angstrom units, therefore a process similar to heat rays, light etc., different from these only in their wavelength and oscillation frequency. But where does this simple view leave the entire, artfully constructed system of atomic quantum theory, the spectroscopically and X-ray spectroscopically established atomic theory? The applicant believes he can also answer this. Just as in the macrocosm of the astronomer, in the microcosm of the physicist and mathematician, the "positive" protons and the "negative" electrons merely exert gravitational forces on each other, and these latter are what, as latent or "potential" in every body, form the basis of every energy transformation and provide the impetus for the development of the mobile energy state of "oscillation" or "radiation". These "gravitational forces" are eternally and unchangeably equal, they can "relocate", but their sum is unchangeable. This theory, which will be specified a bit more below, also enables a universal, unified view of natural events and their phenomena in a philosophical sense, which not long ago in many disciplines of the natural sciences approached each other in common starting points more and more, and let the efforts of the old philosophers to trace all natural events back to one formula resurface. While Heraclitus [text cuts off] -5- While Heraclitus believed he had found this formula in: "Everything flows", we must today probably give him credit with the variation: "Everything radiates". It remains only to elaborate on the view of the "universality of gravitational forces" in the microcosm, before going into the actual subject matter. As will be seen immediately, the simple mechanical laws of free fall, inertia, and perfect elasticity play a role here as well, indeed are unchanged without further ado. One generally compares an atom today with a planetary system, where the central atomic nucleus, positively "charged" and probably consisting of one or more protons, is orbited by a number of electrons, "negatively charged", on certain, variable orbits depending on circumstances. This "orbiting" can also occur in wider elliptical orbits, where the orbital planes can have a more or less large inclination or eccentricity to the equatorial plane of the atomic nucleus. The spaces between the atomic nucleus and the orbiting electrons on one side and neighboring atoms on the other side are enormously large in relation to the diameters of the "corpuscles"; these spaces are filled with the hypothetical ether. This in itself simpler, but complicated by the multitude of phenomena, picture should still be supplemented by many things, whereby it becomes in itself even more complicated, but with the multitude of phenomena essentially simpler. The applicant prefers for an atomic structure the parallel not with a solar system, but with a cosmic system such as e.g. the Milky Way or other large spiral nebulae represent. Accordingly, neither a proton -6- still represent an electron as a smallest "basic particle", but must itself consist of a multitude of such particles. This conviction is based, among other things, on the circumstance that the centers or focal points of many electron orbits do not coincide with the atomic nucleus, and indeed some electron orbits lie outside the atomic nuclei. When one now considers the process of gravitation more closely, one finds everywhere the tendency of mutual attraction. It may not seem quite plausible that a stone falling to the earth is not only attracted by it, but also attracts it in turn. And yet it is so. In all of nature, all bodies mutually attract each other according to their size and density, and only the living force of motion (centrifugal force) prevents them from collapsing together. If one now critically examines the relationship of the - supposedly positive - protons and - supposedly negative - electrons from this point of view, it is not evident where this positive or negative character should originate from. Is the earth, which attracts the stone, therefore positive, the stone negative? Certainly not. Only the order of magnitude determines the direction of the fall, because, as mentioned above, the falling stone also attracts the earth. If one wanted to speak of positive or negative here, the earth would be positive in relation to the stone and the moon, negative in relation to the sun. The only difference, therefore, exists merely in the order of magnitude. One could, however, imagine the designation positive and negative if one imagines a coordinate system where the X-axis lies at the mean size between the two bodies to -7- as it would have represented constructively, so that the smaller would actually stand in a negative, the larger in a positive relationship to this. If one transfers this point of view to the atomic system, as one considers it today, and thinks that, for example, in hydrogen the electron behaves to the proton as one to two thousand, the similarity will be immediately apparent and the correctness of these views will not be dismissed out of hand. But even more. As the sun rushes through the starry sky of Auriga with tremendous speed, thus apparently describing a circular or elliptical orbit around a central sun or a gravitational center (compare the so-called double stars), so must also the individual parts of the protons or electrons do, which, according to the applicant's view, each embody a solar system for themselves. This also justifies considerations that are yet to be made about the character of the hypothetical substance ether. According to the view of atomic physicists, the space between the atomic nuclei and electrons on one side and the atoms on the other side is filled with this substance; otherwise, any force transmissions would not be possible. In the applicant's opinion, this ether is nothing other than a kind of "gas cloud", formed of smallest mass particles, electron dust. For all properties that one attributes to that ether are also possessed by these "electrons". If one wants to draw a parallel, one may call the ether the cosmic dust of the microcosm. When one bases such a "world view" on the atomic structure and assumes that only the laws of gravitation apply here, many a puzzle and many an inconsistency will resolve themselves. This gravitation is the most universal natural force, to which everything is subject -8- and the only source of any energy release, as it represents the infinite "potential" energy from which any mobile and thus usable energy can be obtained through transformation. And usable energy is just a wave motion and only such. Therefore, the following principle follows: Latent (potential) energy is the gravitation of smallest mass particles, mobile or usable energy is a wave motion of these or various large aggregations of the same. From this principle, the following descriptions of the invention object are understandable. Although the preceding explanations of the applicant are largely based on speculation, they are supported by certain observations that cannot find their explanations with the previous views. But hasn't speculation always been the precursor of the experiment and thus the basis of progress? Further elaborations would far exceed the scope of this description, as it is clear to the applicants anyway that such elaborations do not actually belong in a patent specification. New physical discoveries, however, probably justify a deviation from the normal. The applicant now turns to the description of the actual invention object, but must first briefly deal with the concept of magnetism and its carrier, iron. Iron stands out among all known elements in that over 2000 lines appear in its spectrum, compared to a few hundred and fewer in all other known elements. If one now takes the standpoint that each spectral line corresponds to a certain vibration of the atomic bonds or individual electron systems, then in these 2000 lines -9- is to be seen as evidence for an enormous diversity of the interatomic working conditions in iron and an indication that very favorable conditions for energy transformations must be present in iron. An expression of this aptitude for energy transformations lies in the fact that, firstly, iron in absolute chemical purity is only difficult to produce, that iron generates enormous eddy currents under the influence of short-wave radiation, which can drive the heating of the material up to the melting temperature, and finally in its so-called magnetic properties. Also magnetism, which is used in the dynamo machine to the greatest extent for energy transformations, is only a vibration process of a certain wavelength. And with that, the applicant could move on to the description of the invention object itself. The starting point was a normal spark inductor, in which, however, the task of interrupting the primary current was not assigned to the central magnetic core within the coils, but to a separately arranged Wagner hammer, so that highly periodic interrupted direct current was supplied to the primary coil. Under special conditions, the occurrence of a DC component in the secondary coil was observed and measured with a Deprez-d'Arsonval instrument. While in a normal spark inductor, alternating current appears at one pole of the secondary coil and rectified current at the other, here a DC component superimposed on these currents was observed with almost absolute constancy. The prerequisites for the occurrence of this DC component were, firstly, the absence of any -10- ionization-inhibiting intermediate layer between the primary coil and iron core, secondly, the circumstance that absolutely virgin iron was used, i.e., iron which had never been magnetized by current flow in the primary coil, to change its initially assumed polarity. The isolation between the primary coil and iron core reliably consisted of a double layer of cotton with paraffin impregnation. When using wood, paper, rubber, or beeswax, the DC component either disappeared completely or became significantly smaller. It also disappeared under otherwise completely identical experimental conditions when the iron was changed in its polarity even for the shortest time. Since in the latter case, the other functions of the iron core - magnetization and induction - appeared unchanged, thus the device remained usable as a spark inductor without change, it was clear that an expression of energy transformation was present here, which could have nothing to do with the magnetism of iron and its known induction phenomena. An equally remarkable fact was discovered: if the primary current left the hammer interrupter at the north pole and the primary coil was wound in such a way that the current also left it at the north pole of the central magnetic core, then the DC component was considerably stronger in terms of its voltage than vice versa, likewise when south poles were chosen in both cases. Since, as mentioned, the observed effect could have nothing to do with the usual magnetism, the idea was close at hand to repeat the experiment with magnetically neutral iron, i.e., to provide the core with two equally strong primary coils that were connected in parallel, or in other words, to equip it with a bifilarly wound coil. The result was indeed the occurrence of a direct current with complete suppression of any Page 11: "visible" magnetism and the absence of any alternating current. However, this goal cannot be achieved without further ado; rather, modification of the device and fulfillment of certain prerequisites is still required. As already mentioned above, it is not irrelevant for the magnitude of the DC effect whether the core of the hammer interrupter and the central core are surrounded by their coils in the same or opposite winding direction. From this, according to the applicant's view, the logical conclusion is justified to assume that the exciter current, which, as said, is only an oscillation process, imprints a characteristic on the magnetic pole that is first (- or last? -) passed, which manifests itself in a phase shift of 180° under otherwise absolutely identical conditions for north and south. This should be taken into account once. Secondly, it was noticed in the arrangement of the bifolar coil that the exciter battery was depleted faster than the current consumption required. The cause was soon found in the circumstance that when switching on two interlinked bifolar arranged coils, a violent short-wave oscillation was triggered. This can be determined by various characteristics, once by an occurring "electric wind" (easily detectable by smoke, candle flame, etc.), but especially by installing a deflection instrument, which will show a different measurement result after each switching on with such an arrangement. The cause is the known erasure of hysteresis, which was already used by Marconi in the so-called magnetic detector, and which can only have its cause in an occurring short-wave oscillation. Page 12: This circumstance is the second that needs to be considered in the development of the mentioned device. Therefore, the exciter current coming from the battery was split before entering the interrupter chamber, the interrupter was equipped with two magnets, and the split currents were led around these latter in such a way that one had to form a north pole, the other a south pole. After passing these hammer cores, the split currents were now fed to the two halves of the bifolar primary coil, namely in such a way that the cores of the coils connected in series in the same direction were magnetized. After passing the primary coils, the split currents reunited to flow back to the battery. In this way, if the split currents were switched on in quick succession, one would form a south pole where the other would form a north pole in the central core. It was consequently logical to also arrange two corresponding secondary coils, which were connected in parallel at the end poles, to amplify their energy. In this way, the central core remained externally magnetically indifferent, but performed its DC work to an increased degree. Furthermore, through the primary coil split into two parts, a self-contained oscillation circuit was formed, which kept the harmful oscillations away from the exciter battery and prevented its premature depletion. One more thing remains to be noted. For reasons of pure coincidence, the hammer interrupter device had two springs, of which one, which carried the pan, was stationary, while the other, carrying the tip, was connected to the anchor and performed the oscillations. Page 13: This created two opposing electric fields directly in the area of the magnetic force lines of the hammer magnets, which, with the oscillating current, behaved like a capacitor and influenced the result not insignificantly. The arrangement characteristic of the procedure described above is shown in Figure 1. Of course, the mutual size relationships, the core dimensions, the winding numbers, the wire thicknesses to be chosen, and lastly the frequency of the interrupter process determine a certain maximum. In this way, DC voltages of about 100 volts were measured at about 4.5 volts and 0.5 - 0.8 amperes of the exciter current with a current strength of 0.2 - 0.4 amperes, in other words, a considerable increase in noble energy was achieved. This surprising result gave rise to the explanations and speculations given at the beginning, which in the given form naturally do not claim to be complete, but only serve the purpose of guiding thinking towards understanding in certain paths. In the procedure described above, it was particularly noticeable that an increase in the frequency number in the interrupter especially contributed to the increase of the effect, which is why the applicant primarily focused his attention on increasing the periods. So first, an attempt was made to replace the Wagner hammer with a tuning fork interrupter, but with absolutely negative success, since now the interrupter magnets were missing and therefore no characteristic could be imprinted on the split currents. However, the goal was achieved in a completely different way, which led to completely abandoning the mechanical interrupter, Page 14: so that the finally achieved procedure was able to work with a completely resting system without any mechanical movement, whereby through the physical interruption, a frequency number going into the hundreds of thousands, if not millions, was achieved. Since previously, according to Figure 1, the DC energy unquestionably arising from the iron was only brought to the secondary coils through inductive transmission, the idea was close at hand to strengthen this transmission through direct galvanic coupling. However, if the ends of the central core had been directly connected to the secondary coils, the coils would have been short-circuited through this core. Therefore, the iron core was subdivided and the protruding ends of the core from the coil ends were connected blindly with the secondary coils, whereby the corresponding Po characteristics had to be taken into account. The success was present and the remarkable fact achieved that now the hammer interrupter could be omitted. (Figure 2) Thus, a procedure was achieved to influence the gravitational forces of two equal systems through wave motion (exciter current) in such a way that the wave motions (excited current) arising from this influence amounted to many times the exciter energy. Before moving on to the description of example devices based on this procedure, the applicant may be allowed a brief reference to how gravitational forces can produce or influence wave motions at all. A, though not yet conclusive proof ( - because the theory has not yet found recognition everywhere, but certainly finds significant support in the applicant's procedure - ) Page 15: lies in Einstein's theory of relativity, according to which the spectral lines ( - thus oscillation processes - ) experience a shift towards red in a gravitational field. It is also possible to generate forces through electromagnetic or electrostatic waves, e.g., in solenoids, which work against the gravitational forces. The applicant imagines the process roughly as follows. In the well-known elasticity experiment with three or more touching, freely suspended iron balls, the first ball lifted strikes the second. This and the following ones remain in their place and only the last one flies off with (theoretically) the same speed, thus force, with which the first one struck. This process is the classical proof for perfect elasticity. The applicant takes the standpoint that this process, like elasticity in general, is only an interaction between gravitational and oscillation effects. Similar to how a struck bell converts the gradual impact (gravitation) into an oscillating (wave) motion, this also happens in the first of the hit balls, which momentarily transfers this molecular wave motion through induction (oscillation harmony) to the last one, where the wave motion automatically converts back into a gradual movement (gravitational force) due to the possibility of inductive further transmission. An obvious objection is immediately refuted here, namely that in this conversion process, the forces in question remain unchanged, neither decreasing nor increasing. It should be countered that this is only about the effect of an oscillation field running in a certain direction, while in the applicant's device two bifolar, thus -16- oscillation fields that behave in opposite directions have an effect. Were a suddenly opposing moment to come into effect on our Earth from the Sun through any cause, which would exactly counteract the current right-rotating moment of inertia, our Earth would plunge into the Sun, whereby it would heat up so much that it would probably dissolve into its atoms. The forces released hereby would be so enormous that the entire solar system would likely be destroyed. This explanation could only be given in a rudimentary way and should only serve to guide the understanding of the processes of thinking in certain directions. In the following, two devices shall be described by way of example, which make the possibilities given by the described process usable in a practical way and are suitable to generate practically usable energy in the form of electric direct current, similar to a dynamo machine. The first described device developed through the combination and broadening of the electric fields of the individual windings of both primary coils in the form of copper plates, so that the individual windings consisted of two adjacent rectangular copper plates, whose length to width ratio is approximately 5:1. Furthermore, both the primary coils and the two secondary coils were split in the middle, so that each had a positive half (from the + pole of the exciter battery to the end terminal of the half) and a negative half (from the end terminal to the - pole of the battery). The secondary coils also received an exciter battery and were connected with their halved end terminals parallel, equally polarized to those of the primary coils. (see Fig. 3) -17- Between the common end terminals A and B, the respective load resistance V (lamp, heating resistance, motor) can be connected. The inner arrangement of the secondary coils had to correspond to the broadened character of the primary coils consisting of copper plates and was therefore designed in such a way that each winding of the secondary coil formed a flat coil consisting of 10 - 20 rectangular wire turns, which covered the entire space of the copper plates. These four coils, or rather 8 coil halves, are intertwined in such a way that, when considering only the primary coils (copper plates) from below (or above), a winding of the negative half of coil a, then such a winding of the positive half of b, then a winding of the negative half of b, and finally a winding of the positive part of a lie on top of each other. These four windings (plate pairs) represent one "phase" (working cycle) of the device and are the smallest aggregate of such a device, which can be composed of any number of such phases. Further below is described why exactly four plate pairs represent such a phase. Viewed from the side and following the current directions, this results in a current direction pattern according to Figure 4, i.e., first one plate layer carries the current direction clockwise, then follow two with a current direction counter to the clockwise direction, finally follows again a layer with a current direction in clockwise direction. In Fig. 5, the exact circuit diagram of such a phase is given, where layers 2 and 4 lie between the + pole of the exciter battery and the load resistance, thus are "positively" excited, while layers 1 and 3 -18- lie between the - pole of the battery and the resistance, thus are "negative"; In the arrangement of several phases, one must accordingly continue further. The secondary coil is now inserted with its individual windings (flat coils) in between in such a way that a flat coil comes to lie over each plate layer and indeed with a sense opposite to the current direction in the plates. Accordingly, over the negative clockwise excited plate layer of coil a comes an opposing counter-clockwise excited positive flat coil of the secondary coil b, and so on. The exact current direction and polarity sequence is shown in Fig. 6. As junction points, it is advisable to arrange a fuse between the starting terminals of the primary coils and secondary coils, in order to prevent a destruction of the batteries in case of a sudden disturbance that might be capable of producing high voltages. The same has proven to be expedient in the node of the four end terminals, whereby the strength of the fuses results from the purpose and the difference between exciter current and excited current. (Fig. 3 s1, s2, s3, s4, and S1 and S2) According to Fig. 3, two large oscillation circuits now result, which have a piece of common path in the load resistance V. It follows from this without further ado that each back-and-forth oscillation of energy must result in a direct current, since regardless of whether the impulse originates from the positive part of coil a or b, it must always have the direction from + to - in consumer V. The exciter batteries BI and BII lie, as one can see, to the coil system in parallel circuit, thus lie completely outside the oscillation processes. -19- A separate excitation of the secondary coils was necessary for the reason that, as will be seen, these have now received a completely different task. As explained above, the applicant had perfected the process by bringing the magnet iron of the inductor into direct galvanic, conductive connection with the secondary coil and splitting it for this purpose. However, this measure, which was crucial for the development and understanding, was soon abandoned and the magnetic parts were no longer connected to the secondary coil but to the primary coil, which is why this was brought directly to the consumer parallel to the secondary coil. As a result, the entire secondary coil itself had become superfluous, which was taken into account in the second type of device described here in more detail. In this first-described device, however, it was retained in the above-mentioned manner and made effective by being excited and polarized by a second exciter battery (BII). This generates electric fields (electrostatic fields) around the individual flat coils, which are now layered between the fields formed around the plates, which, as will be shown immediately, are permanently shifted by the magnetic system, thereby providing the impetus for cutting force lines and significantly enhancing the formation of mobile energy. The applicant could now turn to the main part of the device, the magnetic system, which has developed from the subdivided central magnet of the spark inductor. As already mentioned above in the description of the process, the armature currents supplied to the two primary coils receive their -20- appearing to express a certain characteristic, apparently by deflecting their electric fields; that the magnet is able to do this results from the fact that the cathode rays are also deflected by the magnets. (One might think here of the descriptions of the applicant about the homogeneity and the changes of electricity). In the event of the hammer breaker, the task of deflecting the fields by the parts of the central magnets would have to be transferred. The magnet system consists of a number of individual magnets, which are present as copper plates, so that two magnet parts fall on each winding layer. They are arranged in two rows on both sides of a support system (boards) in a way corresponding to the two halves of the layers. Of decisive importance is the consequence of the polarities. All magnetic cores, which are connected blind-like to the copper plates of a primary coil (thus both in the positive and in the negative part), receive the same polarity and it is required that the magnet cores, which are connected in the direction of the current flow through enclosed plates, also carry the magnetism in the same direction, i.e., north and south poles, respectively. It is also important that the magnets are connected in series in such a way that they are in the same sequence in the circuit as the plates to which they are connected. All magnetic cores are magnetized by a third battery. The connection between the copper plates and the associated magnet cores is made in a practical way from steel wire, which is chosen for its durability and resilience. The reason for this can be taken from later descriptions. It is important that the two batteries, the plates… -21- ...and the magnet system excite, by means of a common switch, both circuits simultaneously, although independently of each other. Therefore, the description of the external design of the device is concluded. Fig. 7 provides the exact circuit diagram again. It remains to describe the processes individually. The processes that will be discussed individually in the following are each independent and only result in the desired outcome through their combined effect. If, for example, only the flat coils are energized, the following occurs: 1. Potential differences arise between the individual + and - coils due to the different windings of the coils and consequently the different self-induction in each coil. 2. An induction current of short duration arises in the plates; its duration also depends on the plate thickness. 3. Due to the bifilar arrangement of the plate coils, potential oscillations occur in the magnets, and therefore also in the induction circuits of these coils. 4. Inductive and conductive coupling in these circuits due to the surrounding magnetic fields. 5. As a result, mutual influences of the active counter-currents with the fields are transmitted through the secondary windings of the magnet coils. 6. Due to the bifilar arrangement of the plate coils and consequently the recurring resonant oscillations in the magnet coils. 7. As a result, repeated deflection and attraction of the plates by the field of the plate current occurs. If the plate current is now switched on, the same phenomena occur in the opposite direction, only in accordance with the strict design of the device under the four conditions mentioned above and thus lead to an increase in the damped oscillations via resonance. These relationships, to a certain extent, are the reason for the initially occurring, unforeseen phenomena. The mutual influences of the batteries BI and BII arise only because the mutual... -22- ...forces by appropriate "tuning" (regulating resistance) balance each other to such an extent that despite the constant effects of the magnet system, a constant state of motion is created. These external relationships are as follows: 1.) The excitation current is combined from the exciter battery BII with the outgoing return current and the outgoing secondary current of the flat coils. 2.) The characteristic curves of the core are influenced by the magnetization of the core through the fields of the flat coils, which are deflected differently, resulting in a change in the magnetic resistance of the core above the flat coils. 3.) Due to the shifting of the plates, a potential difference occurs between the plates; this in turn entails a shifting of the lines of force of this field and the surrounding fields of the plate coils. 4.) This, together with other smaller influences acting on the plates, results in a constant shifting of the potential differences between the plates, which strengthens the effect of the plates, resulting in further resonance oscillations in the magnet coils. 5.) The unpredictable behavior of the field lines, which have an effect on the plates similar to that of a plane (due to the cessation of the magnetic effect) and thus lead to a constant shifting of the plate field, actually cease and establish a state of rest (through the cessation of the magnetic effect). 6.) This recurring process, which in itself would constantly start anew, now only requires the constant repetition of the same processes in the constantly closed circuit. These … -23- From what has been said, it is sufficiently clear that the efficiency of such a device primarily depends on the volume of the chosen materials and that the maximum energy formation is determined by the harmonic matching of the individual field sizes and field strengths. A remarkable fact, which remains to be explained, is that, as briefly mentioned above, the number of windings of the primary coils form a “phase.” The effectiveness of the described device is faced with the fact that the utility current, which appears at the end terminals of a “phase,” is considerably greater in both voltage and current strength than what is fed in at the initial terminal. For example, if the device consists of five “phases,” five different current strengths and voltages, which can be tapped simultaneously as such, are present despite being closed circuits, as can be done one after the other in a transformer. This cannot be explained by the existing laws, particularly not by the well-known Kirchhoff’s laws. Since the plates act as carriers of the latent energy state and at the same time form the collection layers of the “mobile” energy state, they also effect, due to their condenser-like “collection,” an “additional” transmission of the respective “mobilized” energy. To achieve absolute comprehensibility, the applicant has attempted to provide a clear picture of these processes in Figure 8. Here, the chosen arrangement of the electromagnets is shown, for example. If one winds the windings clockwise with north… -24- …windings, a rod inserted into these windings would form a north pole at the top and the others with south windings, so the plates form north-south, south-north in the plate system as well. If, in the magnet system, north-south, south-north, and vice versa, the windings are present, then the fields of the plate circuits remain. As we have seen, the magnets are influenced under the influence of the same in conjunction with the fluctuating plate fields in such a way that they alternately magnetize and demagnetize. It is therefore necessary to consider that the plate bodies, together with such fluctuating fields, work in conjunction with the magnet systems, since in this intimate harmony, the constant fields counteract the fluctuating fields. This is achieved by arranging permanent magnets. These are formed by the steel wires, which represent the galvanic, blind-like connection between the magnet cores and the plates. However, another important aspect needs to be considered. As the applicant has already mentioned, between the magnet cores on one side (and thus the plates) and the magnet coils on the other side, a repelling effect occurs, which can be avoided to the detriment of the efficiency of the device by intermediate strokes from press clippings, etc. This radiation transfer also occurs on the other side between the plates on one side and the wires located above them on the other side of the flat coils. Compare the processes of the… -25- Impedance phenomena with Tesla’s experimental arrangements. If Kirchhoff’s laws are to retain their (albeit somewhat modified) validity, it immediately follows that this radiation balance of differing electrical potential must appear at another point in order to form a closed direct current circuit. These are now to be laid out in the magnet field. Before delving further into this, one must once again deal with the sequence of electrical potentials (according to Figures 4 and 9). If one denotes (Figure 9) the plate potentials from bottom to top continuously with P1 to P4 and the corresponding flat coil potentials with F1 to F4, the following potential differences result in such a phase, if one considers only the two lower layers since one phase consists of two equal halves: 1.) P1 against P1 - 2.) P2+ P2- 3.) P3- P3+ 4.) P4++ P4- 5.) P2 - P2 + It is clear that the middle potential with the same sign necessitates an inversion, which is why the applicant referred to it as a separation potential. Thus, there are separation or repulsion potentials between the plates and their underlying flat coils. Now, it remains to be considered that since the entire system consists of two coil groups (one primary [plate] coil and one secondary [flat coil] coil, which always belong to such a group accordingly), this separation potential must always appear between two coil windings, except for the… -26- …middle of a respective phase. (its layer), between a and b, probably an electrical separation potential within the same coil group appears. If one now considers the magnetic system, the V-shaped arrangement of the individual magnet cores results from the effort to also create the possibility of a radiation transition between the poles of these cores. The poles, which should be as close to each other as possible, must not touch under any circumstances, as this would otherwise create a smooth current transition within the system, i.e., a short circuit. If one now considers the arrangement of the coil groups (b-a-a-b) with respect to the magnetic (pole-) potentials, a separation potential results between cores II and III, i.e., the magnetic potential, while electrically a different potential ( + and - ) appears between the two cores. If one follows the aforementioned radiation transitions in the plate block with respect to their effectiveness in the magnetic system, the series connection of the magnet cores results sequentially, while it remains to be considered that the magnets must also be divided into two groups (according to the coil groups), which can be seen in retrospect when connecting the poles with the respective plates. Figure 10 now gives a cross-section of a 3-phase arrangement (i.e., one consisting of windings). Here, the result is once again the consequence of the alternating polarities (regardless of group affiliation), where the applicant also wants to apply the concept of polarity with regard to north and south windings (compare above). -27- In the plate block, the following sequence of arrangements can be observed: North, South-South, North-South, North-North, South-North, South-South, North-South, North-North, South-North, South-South, North-South, North-North, South, which the latter closes together with the initial North orientation to the prevailing circulation. If we now consider the pole sequence in the magnet system, the following polarities result: South, North-South, North-North, South-North, South-South, North-South, North-North, South-North, South-South, North-South, North-North, South, which the latter likewise closes with the initial North pole to form a chain. These two identical chains are displaced by 90° to each other, causing the effect of mutual influence or suppression. The applicant believes that he has now sufficiently described the arrangement developed in this way in terms of its mode of action, so that this appears comprehensible considering the physical explanations given at the beginning. A simplified arrangement of the initially described device presents the arrangement of only one primary or secondary coil, which is bifilar wound and switched in such a way that the above sufficiently clear indications of mutual field influences are fulfilled. The choice of corresponding polarities must be considered, as well as the transition, as this must be taken into account within the apparatus itself, high-frequency alternating currents must be kept away from the excitation current sources (impedance). -28- A second example, based on the method described, rests on the principal continuation of the secondary (flat coil) coil, whose activity is already offset by another element. In principle, it results from the absence of standing fields in the plate block and the possibility of counterbalancing the standing (permanent magnetic fields (steel wire)) and thus the galvanic connections between the plates and magnet cores and, according to the system shown in Fig. 9, only the inductive influence as in the hammer breaker, thus applying a characteristic suppression. This, of course, does not happen just once, but to increase the effect from phase to phase and to achieve the electrostatic deflection of the individual fields against each other, this influence must occur in every layer and in every plate of the primary coil. To create a transverse cutting of power lines (as in the first described device by the standing fields of the secondary coils together with the magnetic fields), it is necessary to ensure that the negative halves of both primary coils receive different polarities, just as the positive and negative (otherwise the two “characteristics” would cancel each other out). -29- Considering the previously mentioned arrangement of devices influenced by the magnetic cores, increased current should be allowed to flow through such a “sieve,” thereby making the oscillations “finer” and “harder.” In Fig. 10, such a “sieve” is shown as it was designed based on long-term practical experiments. The material is either pure zinc or brass (alloy of copper and zinc). The two current paths arranged within such a “bridge” apparently condition each other (compare the so-called Hall effect of the tearing of “current bands” by magnetic influence) also here a “tearing” of the “current bands” influenced by the magnets and mutual inductive influence thereof and thus a “purification” and “hardening.” These “bridges” are not necessarily needed for the effect but increase the efficiency of the device, possibly also contributing to a condenser effect between the parts of the “bridge.” The arrangement of such a “bridge” happens best immediately (seen in the direction of current) behind each magnet pair. In Figure 11, a switching scheme of the last-described device for 2 phases is given. An explanation of this figure is not considered necessary by the applicant, as it is clear enough from what has been said. Thus, the object of the application is a method of extracting electrical current without the expenditure of mechanical or chemical energy from the latent gravitational forces of matter, thus pointing the way to draw forces from a circular system, hence making the old dream of humanity about perpetual motion true, although based on a fundamentally different path, self-evidently only in a practical, not theoretical sense, as the “latent” energy of the device constantly provides an immeasurable, albeit invisible, supply of “mobile” energy. This idea thus finds its practical expression in the combination of an electromotor… -30- …basis and is thus immediately explained by the medium of propagation of the current. This also corresponds to Ohm’s law, and it finds its most immediate expression in the (in vacuum-almost purely ether-electron tube-running) cathode rays, in which the movement of the electrons almost matches the speed of light, that is, the speed of the carrying wave train. Science speaks in this case of an “electron bombardment.” This is opposed by the cathode rays as well as the so-called canal rays; zinc sieves have proven to be very effective in transforming these rays through passages into more “pure” and “harder” rays. Since, through the use of zinc to electrically charged current paths, structural changes in this medium, as well as strange influences that these lines of adjacent currents show, the idea lay near to allow the current influenced by the magnetic cores in the last-described type of devices to pass through such a sieve, thereby making the oscillations “finer” and “harder.” In Fig. 10, such a sieve is shown as it was designed based on long-term practical experiments. The material is either pure zinc or brass (alloy of copper and zinc). The two current paths arranged within such a bridge condition each other (compare the so-called Hall effect of the tearing of current bands by magnetic influence) also here a tearing of the current bands influenced by the magnets and mutual inductive influence thereof and thus a purification and hardening. These bridges are not necessarily needed for the effect but increase the efficiency of the device, possibly also contributing to a condenser effect between the parts of the bridge. The arrangement of such a bridge happens best immediately (seen in the direction of current) behind each magnet pair. In Figure 11, a switching scheme of the last-described device for 2 phases is given. An explanation of this figure is not considered necessary by the applicant, as it is clear enough from what has been said. Thus, the object of the application is a method of extracting electrical current without the expenditure of mechanical or chemical energy from the latent gravitational forces of matter, thus pointing the way to draw forces from a circular system, hence making the old dream of humanity about perpetual motion true, although based on a fundamentally different path, self-evidently only in a practical, not theoretical sense, as the latent energy of the device constantly provides an immeasurable, albeit invisible, supply of mobile energy. This idea thus finds its practical expression in the combination of an electromotor… -31- …The material is either pure zinc or brass (alloy of copper and zinc). The two current paths arranged within such a “bridge” apparently condition each other (compare the so-called Hall effect of the tearing of “current bands” by magnetic influence) also here a “tearing” of the “current bands” influenced by the magnets and mutual inductive influence thereof and thus a “purification” and “hardening.” These “bridges” are not necessarily needed for the effect but increase the efficiency of the device, possibly also contributing to a condenser effect between the parts of the “bridge.” The arrangement of such a “bridge” happens best immediately (in the direction of current) behind each magnet pair. In Figure 11, a switching scheme of the last-described device for 2 phases is given. An explanation of this figure is not considered necessary by the applicant, as it is clear enough from what has been said. Thus, the object of the application is a method of extracting electrical current without the expenditure of mechanical or chemical energy from the latent gravitational forces of matter, thus pointing the way to draw forces from a circular system, hence making the old dream of humanity about perpetual motion true, although based on a fundamentally different path, self-evidently only in a practical, not theoretical sense, as the “latent” energy of the device constantly provides an immeasurable, albeit invisible, supply of “mobile” energy. This idea thus finds its practical expression in the combination of an electromotor… 32- …with the previously described devices, whereby the direct current energy generated by the device is used to drive the motor, which in turn drives two or three small dynamo machines whose currents are fed back into the device as excitation currents. These are precisely balanced through regulating resistances in the required proportion, and further for “starting” accumulator batteries are necessary, which are automatically switched off by a minimal-maximal switch and switched to the small dynamo machines so that they recharge themselves. Such an apparatus (Figure 12) thus delivers that the “consumption” of energy for driving the dynamo machines remains considerably behind the performance of the motor (the ratio is according to the choice of sizes approximately 1: 20 - 1: 200), providing usable quantities of mechanical energy without external energy supply. Whether and to what extent “conversions” of matter occur in these energy transformations, the applicant cannot say with certainty; it appears from experience that this is not the case, nor are the theories established by the applicant necessarily required, even if based on today’s prevailing views on the “law of conservation of energy” it may seem difficult to believe. In any case, the above-described example of such a device appears very exploitative and it seems that this procedure may gain significant importance in our energy-demanding economy.