hhop

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Chatting amongst yourselves I hope you have figured out that you cannot draw water more than 1 atmosphere or about 10 meters, even with a spring loaded piston return set at a higher pressure. The reason for this is that at 10 meters (no matter the diameter bore of your pipe) the weight of the water will pull away from the bottom face of the piston and create a vacuum. The solution to this is a daisy chained hhop system every 9 meters or a single hhop dropped to the depth required to reach the water level and a sufficient operating pressure to force pump it up to ground level. DC electricity losses must be accounted for within your power input level over a significant distance, and losses from the hho in the pipe potentially cooking off must be accepted. There may be different levels of gas stability attainable from different production techniques.

Absorption refrigeration can be easily shown to be desirable in a hhop base camp situation but a fridge is not that portable, you may just require potable drinking water without the refrigeration. In this scenario it would be possible to use a pressure cooker (enclosed volume) system with a built in radiator:

http://www.ebay.co.uk/itm/Stainless-Steel-Pressure-
Cooker-Distiller-Alcohol-Moonshine-3-5-36ltr/132360726388var=431689436014&hash=
item1ed150674:m:m-SvIlViWHikB443MykvHJQ

In this off the shelf example you can see from the diagram they are using sink science.. this is the energy provided by the water company to provide your house with water pressure (normally around 2 bar, could be more, could be less depending on circumstances). I just did a quick test on my kitchen tap and at full flow I could fill a 1 liter bottle in 2 and 1/2 elephants.. conservatively that gives me about 20 liters of cold water flow per minute.. I am not on a water meter so within a week or two I would expect to see water engineers digging up the street looking for the leak..

https://www.zerohedge.com/news/2017-09-21/look-how-nestle-makes-billions-selling-you-groundwater-bottle

I guess they got the idea from Delboy:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mother_Nature%27s_Son
_(Only_Fools_and_Horses)

hhop cannot compete with the water companies pumping power, but it is designed to run from solar power (or any DC energy source) away from infrastructure.. It is a fluid pump, and it can remove heat from the radiator and therefore condense the steam to potable drinking water.. now you have a use for the water pumped that is not accumulator storage..(but still could be )

In the event that the hho flame is found to burn through the stainless steel pressure vessel base there are two obvious choices. A hho flame has been shown to burn underwater so it could be placed within the pressure vessel itself heating the water. The other option is to have an air chamber inside the pressure vessel base with a stainless tubular coil within the water, this would allow the hot air to transfer heat to the water through the tubular wall (same as the radiator) without melting anything.. but would be less efficient. This is based upon the situation where there is no easily accessible water source, and the water has to be pumped to camp from the source.. if you have a running stream at your location then you can just submerge your radiator in that and achieve maximum efficiency with your radiator.

[evolvingape]

hhopress

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TjzKpke0nSU

Hydraulic Press - How It Works

By James Dann

INSIDE A BOTTLE JACK ANIMATION

Every week students, engineers and curious people from all walks of life ask us what makes a jack work and are quite surprised to hear that the answer is simple leverage.
Putting that 3 foot handle into the little pump piston handle yoke and pushing down with the force in your arm does the trick. Try the same operation with the jack under load using only a six inch handle and you'll soon see a big difference. Or try it with a six foot handle - Much easier.

In a floor jack, it's the same thing except the 'bottle jack' is positioned horizontally and pushes against a lever lifting the main lift arm. Plus you're using a longer handle and you're getting more lift per stroke with the increased leverage, allowing you to pressurize more oil and move it around quicker.

A hand pumped Porto-Power style component system would also act in almost the same manner except the pump would contain the reservoir, release, check valves and pumping piston while a high pressure steel re-inforced rubber hose would act as a 'port' to the main cylinder where the main piston would do the pushing when pressurized oil was applied to it.

We have deliberately left out the seals to keep the minute details to a minimum and mainly explore the basic elements. The two Primary sealing points would be between the Pump Piston and the Pump Cylinder wall and between the Main Piston and the Main Cylinder wall.

The release valve, tops of the Main and Pump Pistons are secondary sealing points, even tho they are the most visable. Usually when a leak is present at the Pump or Main Pistons the actual problem is further down inside...

[evolvingape]

How to make skateboard from toilet paper using hydraulic press

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ytMvRuLApfs

you can drop a hhop gen 2 hybrid in place of the human pumper..

solar powered hydraulic press.. fully scaleable.. remember the lever:

Experiment | The Crusher

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zNLWGE4LeAo

https://www.manomano.co.uk/workshop-press/6t-hydraulic-shop-press-workshop-garage-floor-standing-heavy-duty-plates-2766211?model_id=2766211

[evolvingape]

Six simple force-multiplying devices - the simple machines. Lever, pulley, wheel and axle, inclined plane, screw, wedge.

http://www.solitaryroad.com/c1019.html

Website owner:  James Miller
 
There are six simple force-multiplying devices that are employed in various forms in many ways in our mechanized society and are important components of many machines. They are

(1) the lever
(2) the pulley system (i.e. block and tackle)
(3) the wheel and axle
(4) the inclined plane
(5) the screw
(6) the wedge

Many machines are either modifications of one of these devices or combinations of two or more of them. In physics these six devices are called the simple machines.

In all of the above machines there is a force F1 applied to the machine which moves through some distance s1 and a force F2 exerted by the machine on the load which moves through some distance s2. The product F1s1 represents work put into the machine. The product F2s2 represents useful work done by the machine.

Input and output of a machine. The work W1 = F1s1 representing work input into the machine is called the input. The work W2 = F2s2 representing work output by the machine is called the output.

In a frictionless machine W2 = W1 and F2s2 = F1s1. In this ideal case, where no friction is assumed, we hav
                                       
Mechanical advantage. The actual mechanical advantage (AMA) of a machine is
 
AMA = F2 /F1

Thus if an applied force of 1 lb generates a multiplied force of 5 lb, the actual mechanical advantage of the machine is 5.

The ideal mechanical advantage (IMA) of a machine is the mechanical advantage it would have if there were no friction and is given by
 
IMA = s1/s2

However, there is usually friction. Consequently, of the work input into the machine, some is lost to friction. Thus

            W1 = Wf + W2

where Wf is work done against friction, or

            F1s1 = Wf + F2s2

Efficiency of a machine. The efficiency E of a machine is given by
               
The lever. A lever consists of a rigid bar which is free to turn about a fixed pivot point called a fulcrum. The lever can be used to multiply force and lift weights. The part of the lever between the load and fulcrum is called the load arm. The part between the effort and fulcrum is called the effort arm. See Fig. 1.

The effort needed to lift a load is given by the law of the lever:

Law of the lever: The effort times the length of the effort arm is equal to the load times the length of the load arm.

This law corresponds to the rule that for equilibrium (i.e. balance) the sum of the counterclockwise moments about the pivot point must be equal to the sum of the clockwise moments.

Example. What force F is needed to lift a load of 100 lb if the length of the load arm is 2 ft and the length of the effort arm is 10 ft?

Solution. 10F = 2×100 so F = 20 lb

Mechanical advantage of a lever. The mechanical advantage of a lever is given by

---------------------------------------------
Proof. In Fig. 2 an applied force F1 at point A causes a multiplied up-acting force at point B, lifting the load. In doing this, point A moves through a distance s1 along arc AC to point C while point B moves a distance s2along arc BD to point D. The ideal mechanical advantage of this machine is then
 
IMA = s1/s2
 
where s1 is the length of arc AC and s2 is the length of arc BD. However, s1/s2 = AO/OB. Why? Because arcs of circles subtended by equal central angles are directly proportional to the radii of the circles. Thus IMA = AO/OB. The efficiency of levers is often nearly 100%.                
---------------------------------------------
                                                           
Three classes of levers. There are three classes of levers.

1. First class lever. In a first class lever the fulcrum is located between the effort and the load.

2. Second class lever. In a second class lever the load is located between the fulcrum and the effort. Example: wheelbarrow.

3. Third class lever. In a third class lever the effort is located between the fulcrum and the load. Example: forearm. A third class lever multiplies speed rather than force.

See Fig. 3.

The pulley system (block and tackle). There are a variety of pulley systems that can be used for lifting loads. Pulleys are mounted in frames called blocks. The rope is called tackle.

The ideal mechanical advantage of a pulley system can be computed from the formula
 
IMA = s1/s2

where s1 is the distance through which the applied force travels and s2 is the distance through which the load travels. In multiple block and tackle the IMA is equal to the number of ropes supporting the load. Because of friction in the blocks and rigidity of the ropes the efficiency of block and tackle is usually less than 60%.                                                                              

The wheel and axle. The wheel and axle consists of a wheel or crank that is rigidly attached to an axle. See Fig. 5. In Fig. 6 we see that a wheel and axle is similar to a lever with unequal arms.
 
The ideal mechanical advantage of the wheel and axle is
             
where

            R = radius of the wheel
            r = radius of the axle
 
The wheel and axle is often used to multiply speed instead of force. Example: wheels on bicycles and motor vehicles.

The inclined plane. When it is desired to raise something that is too heavy to lift, an inclined plane or ramp is sometimes used. One may load heavy barrels on a truck by rolling them up an inclined plane constructed of planks.
                                                                                                 
The ideal mechanical advantage of an inclined plane is         
                                                                                                   
where

            l = length of the plane (length of incline)
            h = height of plane

See Fig. 7.

The screw. A screw is really an inclined plane wound on a cylinder. The distance between the threads is called the pitch of the screw. One complete revolution of the screw will move it into an object the distance of the pitch. Wood screws, bolts, and screw jacks represent applications of the screw.                                                                          

The mechanical advantage of a screw depends on the length of the lever arm used in turning the screw. See Fig. 8. While the effort force completes a full circle, the head and axis of the screw make one complete turn and the load moves a distance equal to the pitch of the screw. If r is the length of the lever arm, then in one complete revolution, the distance s1 through which F moves is 2πr. As F moves this distance, the weight w moves the distance d, which is the pitch of the screw. Thus the ideal mechanical advantage is given by
             
where

            r = length of lever arm
            d = pitch of screw

The wedge. The wedge is really a double inclined plane. There is so much friction in using a wedge that a theoretical mechanical advantage has no significance. A long thin wedge is easier to drive than a short thick one so one can say that the mechanical advantage of a wedge depends on the ratio of its length to its thickness. Examples of wedges: axes, nails, pins.

References
 Dull, Metcalfe, Brooks. Modern Physics.
 Schaum. College Physics.
 Sears, Zemansky. University Physics.

[evolvingape]

A hhop press would have a prime mover input of solar energy to drive the electrolysis cell.

The phase transition of liquid to gas would create an over pressure potential and the controlled bleed of energy to work done would create a pressure gradient.

The lever multiplies force at the expense of further distance travelled over a longer time period.

The pressure relief valve on the hydraulic jack is manually operated, the snapvalve on the hhop gen 2 hybrid is self regulating and hunts around operating pressure.

Ideally the electrolysis cell, piston and snapvalve governor are built inline. The basic U bend model is replaced inline with smart radial port placement of the tube chambers when oriented vertically.

https://www.amazon.com/dp/B076K55CMB/ref=sspa_
dk_detail_5psc=1&pd_rd_i=B076K55CMB&pd_rd_wg=0
bA1n&pd_rd_r=53ENV6RPJHZG18MR90Q6&pd_rd_w=
mYf8p

Equipped with a USB 5V/2.1A(max) port and DC 18V/5.0A(max) port, one for USB-charged devices and the other for 18V laptops or other 18V powered devices.

5V x 2A = 10W Should run a gen 2 hybrid.

You can go much cheaper and charge at a slower current draw (0.1A example for a $30 panel trickle charger) and take a lot longer to reach snapvalve governor trigger pressure.

What else can you run beside a press with a high pressure solar hydraulic pump ?

[evolvingape]

Power Density

A Key to Understanding Energy Sources and Uses

By Vaclav Smil

https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/power-density

Summary

The first systematic, quantitative appraisal of power density, offering detailed reviews of power densities of renewable energy flows, fossil fuels, and all common energy uses.

"There's no author whose books I look forward to more than Vaclav Smil." —Bill Gates

In this book, Vaclav Smil argues that power density is a key determinant of the nature and dynamics of energy systems. Any understanding of complex energy systems must rely on quantitative measures of many fundamental variables. Power density—the rate of energy flux per unit of area—is an important but largely overlooked measure. Smil provides the first systematic, quantitative appraisal of power density, offering detailed reviews of the power densities of renewable energy flows, fossil fuels, thermal electricity generation, and all common energy uses.

Smil shows that careful quantification, critical appraisals, and revealing comparisons of power densities make possible a deeper understanding of the ways we harness, convert, and use energies. Conscientious assessment of power densities, he argues, proves particularly revealing when contrasting the fossil fuel–based energy system with renewable energy conversions.

Smil explains that modern civilization has evolved as a direct expression of the high power densities of fossil fuel extraction. He argues that our inevitable (and desirable) move to new energy arrangements involving conversions of lower-density renewable energy sources will require our society—currently dominated by megacities and concentrated industrial production—to undergo a profound spatial restructuring of its energy system.

Hardcover
Out of Print
ISBN: 9780262029148
320 pp. | 6 in x 9 in
42 figures
May 2015