Thanks farra for yor reply
I like your sensible questions they bring down to earth any nonsense or poorly thought out comments. i base many comments on the fact that i have proved the basics of meyers work so any comments on the injectors are not proven by me. see your pm
I will just look at his injectors for the moment.
The water is passing thru a tapered tube (at 125psi) with 20kv+ electric field with no current to make it spark across, so the question is what happens to that water as it passes thru the hv zone?
Here is a post by h2o power that may shed some light on the working of the injectors, i think it is tapered to increase the voltage applied to ultimately ingnite the mixture looking at his patents.
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"The injectors work the same way a Taylor cone works for the mostElectric charge fields are always perpendicular to the surface as the surface area decreases so does it's ability to hold a charge, but at the same time the magnetic field strength increases. That is how you get voltage to do work by physically changing the area of the capacitor's surfaces.
Here is another cut and paste:
Now this is why answering that question had so much importance in understanding what the water fuel injectors are really doing, and the switch from gaseous injectors too water injectors. Understanding the answer to the question answers where the hydrogen comes from to start the reaction when all that is being pumped in is; water mist, ionized air gases, and recirculated exhaust gases.
Stanley Meyer used this to aid in breaking down the water molecule. His first capacitor like this can be found in the SMTB page 6-6. In this capacitor he has clearly made it so the physical area of the capacitor changes as the dielectric liquid moves through it. This allows voltage to preform work on the water molecule. Now the second time he did this is not self evident as with the tappered resonant cavity. In order to understand what Stanley Meyer did with the water fuel injectors we will have to go over the properties of water.
Although water is generally considered to boil at 100 °C (212 °F), water actually boils when the vapor pressure is equal to the atmospheric pressure around the water. Because of this, the boiling point of water is decreased in lower pressure and raised at higher pressure. This is why baking at elevations more than 3,500 ft (1,100 m) above sea level requires special baking directions.
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Factors influencing the rate of evaporation
Concentration of the substance evaporating in the air
If the air already has a high concentration of the substance evaporating, then the given substance will evaporate more slowly.
Concentration of other substances in the air
If the air is already saturated with other substances, it can have a lower capacity for the substance evaporating.
Concentration of other substances in the liquid (impurities)
If the liquid contains other substances, it will have a lower capacity for evaporation.
Flow rate of air
This is in part related to the concentration points above. If fresh air is moving over the substance all the time, then the concentration of the substance in the air is less likely to go up with time, thus encouraging faster evaporation. This is the result of the boundary layer at the evaporation surface decreasing with flow velocity, decreasing the diffusion distance in the stagnant layer.
Inter-molecular forces
The stronger the forces keeping the molecules together in the liquid state, the more energy one must get to escape.
Pressure
In an area of less pressure, evaporation happens faster because there is less exertion on the surface keeping the molecules from launching themselves.
Surface area
A substance which has a larger surface area will evaporate faster as there are more surface molecules which are able to escape.
Temperature of the substance
If the substance is hotter, then evaporation will be faster.
Water is a di-electric medium.
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Within the macro-dielectric media, however, the water molecules themselves, because of their polar nature, can be considered micro-capacitors.
Taken from Canadian Patent # 2,067,735
Now these micro-capactors surface areas are decreasing due to evaporation, as a result voltage again preforms work. As the water evaporates, the analyte molecules are forced closer together, repel each other and break up the droplets. This process is called Coulombic fission because it is driven by repulsive Coulombic forces between charged molecules. The process repeats until the analyte is free of solvent and is a lone ion. There is still debate about the exact mechanism of the process, particularly the last stage, when lone ions form. A lone ion of water is called hydronium h3o+. This special case of water reacting with water to produce hydronium (and hydroxide) ions is commonly known as the self-ionization of water. But it can not exist in water evaporate so you get a free Hydrogen as a result(H2O + H). But it also might do it in another way through direct short circuit of the water molecule.
Water is a dielectric liquid so by giving it this charge and atomizing it at the same time created little tiny capacitors that short circuit as it evaperates creating lone ions.
These tiny droplets are less than 10 µm in diameter, (1 µm = 1 millionth of a meter!), and fly about searching for a potential surface to land on that is opposite in charge to their own, but the whole engine is negetive so they seek out the positive unstable oxygen gas atoms. As they fly about, they rapidly shrink as water molecules evaporate from their surfaces. Since it is difficult for charge to evaporate, the distance between electrical charges in the droplet dramatically decreases. If the droplet can't find a home in which to dissipate its charge in time, the electrical charge reaches a critical state and the droplet will violently blow apart again. The steam resonator aids in the water molecule turning instantly into vapor when injected into a vacuum for just like Albert Bowes water manipulation motor - Google Video the steam resonator is heating up the water prior to injecting it.
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Ionization mechanism
There are two major competing theories about the final production of lone ions, the charged residue model (CRM) and the ion evaporation model (IEM).[7]
Electrospray droplets start off highly charged, and as they shrink through evaporation the Coulomb repulsion forces approach the force of surface tension that holds droplet together. The droplet then becomes unstable and disintegrates into several droplets of smaller radius.
The Charged Residue Model suggests that electrospray droplets undergo evaporation and disintegration cycles, with each initial droplet leading to a multitude of much smaller "daughter" droplets. Each final "daughter" droplet contains on average one or less molecule of analyte. When the last solvent molecules evaporate from such droplet the analyte molecule is left with the charges that the droplet carried.
The Ion Evaporation (Desorption) Model suggests that as the droplet reaches a certain radius the field strength at the surface of the droplet becomes great enough to push or desorb ions directly out of the droplet. Characteristically, the fission event corresponds to an almost negligible loss in droplet mass, but a significant drop in charge.
It has been suggested that both models probably occur for different analytes/solvents and in the limit of both models they have a tendency to converge. That is to say that the distinction between a droplet containing an analyte molecule and an analyte molecule surrounded by a layer of solvent eventually disappears and coulombic fission looks a lot like ion evaporation. The real question is scale and timing and the techniques to definitively determine this are not yet available.
The use of the word "ionization" in "electrospray ionization" is criticized by some because many of the ions observed are thought to be preformed in solution before the electrospray process or created by simple changes in concentrations as the aerosolized droplets shrink. It is argued that electrospray is simply an interface for transferring ions from the solution phase to the gas phase
part. They give the water a negative charge by passing it through a positive voltage potential zone, and that charge creates an ever expanding plume of ever decreasing size water droplets that repel each other. This aids in mixing for the water molecules will not combine to form larger droplets but break up into smaller ones instead."
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Heres something to think about, can it really be that difficult to work out?
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Topic: "New" old Stan Meyers video (Read 12330 times)
