I wonder how vacuum capacitor performs...
Charge storage depends on the nature of the capacitor and is not unique. A polarization of the dielectric and the accumulation of charges on the surface of the dielectric, as here with glass, is one. It is predominant in this type of capacitor. If there is no dielectric, the charges appear only on the surface of the conductors and remain there. Proof: If we move the two plates of a capacitor without dielectric apart after it is charged, decreasing C increases U because Q=C.U, and we can have an electric arc of discharge at a given moment, especially if we move the plates away along their own plane rather than moving them apart transversally, the first case allowing to reduce the capacity by keeping a smaller distance compatible with obtaining the arc.
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