HPG and the magnet.

[Smudge]

So can anyone tell me what a magnetic field consist of?
What matter creates the force?

Since magnetic and electric effects are so closely related (a changing magnetic field "creates" an electric field and vice versa) I think your question ought to be "What matter creates them both?".  And if we are to fill our "empty" space with some "matter" that does just that, shouldn't that same matter create gravitational force and even inertial force.  My space is filled with particles that are something like neutrinos (may even be neutrinos) that have zero rest mass hence they whiz through space at light velocity.  But they don't have zero momentum or zero energy.  For people brought up to believe that momentum is mass*velocity it is difficult to imagine zero mass having momentum, but you have to realize that mass*velocity relates to the macro world, it does not relate to the quantum particle world.  Science already accepts particles with zero rest mass having a property called momentum that has dimensions of mass*velocity and energy of dimensions mass*velocity^2.  Then it is quite easy to get a force on a real mass (like an electron) by absorption and emission of those space-particles, which involves absorption and emission of momentum, and force is rate of change of momentum.  Thus an electron continually absorbs space-particles arriving from all directions.  Each impact creates a force impulse so here you have the mechanism for space to create forces.  Of course all those impacts create a net force of zero if space-particles arrive equally from all directions, you just get an inward force on the surface.  Because the electron is a stable particle it has to emit at the same rate (i.e. one in, one out but not necessarily instantaneously) so again there is an inward force impulse as each space-particle is released.  It is then easy to establish that the electron can exhibit inertial mass if (a) there is a time delay between an arriving particle absorption on one side of the electron and the emission of a space-particle on the opposite side of the electron, and (b) the emitted particle goes out in the same direction that the arriving particle came in.  Think of the electron being something like the Newton's Cradle desk toy (where an impact on one side of the line of spheres causes a sphere at the other end of the line to jump out) but able to do it in all directions.  Even Newton's Cradle will have a time delay between impact on one side and emission in the other.  So we can give the electron an inertial mass and even get a formula for it that includes the space-particle volume-density, the momentum of each space particle, the electron collision cross-section and the internal time delay.

Using this momentum exchange feature to explain electric and magnetic forces requires the use of a feature of the space-particles (and of the neutrino) that is spin.  We don't know the thing is actually spinning, but spin allows the space-
particle to carry two vectors (a) its velocity and (b) its spin.  Now we can have different situations like (i) the spin is aligned with the velocity either parallel or anti-parallel and (ii) the spin is not aligned and has some transverse component.  Now you can see the beginnings of waves both longitudinal and transverse where space-particles can arrive at an electron with their density and spin transversivity modulated (by emission from some distant electrons).  It is quite easy to derive Coulombs Law if we use the spin-vector as the direction of the electric field and deal only with longitudinal spins.  Then the electron must have a characteristic whereby all space-particles emitted have their spins anti-parallel to their departing velocity, irrespective of the spin directions of the arriving particles.  Now place that electron in an isotropic space where space-particles arrive on average in equal numbers from all directions and have equal numbers of parallel and anti-parallel spins, hence the space is electrically neutral.  It is immediately seen that close to the electron, space is no longer electrically neutral, the particles being emitted have all their spins anti-parallel.  This defines the electric field around the electron, and the density of those aligned-spin particles reduces according to the inverse square law.  Note that this electric field is superimposed on the otherwise isotropic space so our test charge (perhaps another electron) doesn't just see that field as a series of force impulses, it also gets the jitter (Heisenberg uncertainty) from other space particles that don't come from the electron under consideration.  It is fairly easy to arrive at the internal mechanism inside an electron that ensures that it responds to such an electric field.  Put simply the direction that a space-particle is emitted depends upon the spin direction of the arriving one that triggers the emission, it emits it in the opposite direction to that spin-vector.  Then you end up with the neutral background space still creating on average a zero force by supplying positive and negative kicks, but add on to that the electric field from a nearby charge and the electron will gain a net force according to our known laws because the kicks do not now cancel, there is an imbalance on average.

The magnetic effects occur when an electron is moving, and that brings in the relative velocity between that moving electron and the observer.  The electron emits longitudinal space-particles with spin-vectors anti-parallel at light velocity in it own rest frame.  Because of the electron movement and the composition of its velocity with the space particle velocity, when they arrive at the stationary observer the spin vectors are no longer anti-parallel, they have a degree of transversivity to the incoming velocity.  It is that transverse component that accounts for magnetic effects, the kicks that it will produce on a stationary test charge are not in line with the arrival direction but offset slightly.  The net result on the test charge is that it receives a torque, you can imagine the emitted space particles looking as though they have ricocheted off the surface all in the same sideways direction as determined by that transverse spin component.  So what we see as magnetic forces has the same root cause as electric and inertia forces, it all comes down to space-particle interactions.  And incidentally if our local space on the galaxy scale has space-particles that have on average a slight degree of transversivity (due to electron movement elsewhere in the universe) then the same rules that create the above three forces also create gravitation.  That transversivity is removed by interaction with matter so around even an inert mass space is different, the particles radiating away from that mass are slightly different to the vast continuum of galaxy particles passing through.  That could be called the difference between flat space and curved space.

Smudge

[Centraflow]

Hi All

I really did not know where to put this, but thought here was as good as anywhere

Our friend Robert Murry-Smith has been playing with diamagnetic ink "graphene ink" and has made a generator called SWAG. This works by moving an electrolyte, in this case salt water, across a sheat of graphene painted plastic and it generates a current.

He has now aligned the graphene with a magnetic field and increased the output significantly.

I can see more things that could be done with this, here is a link to his youtube site, he is very prolific in making videos

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B1ITFwGp93w&list=UU4AkVj-qnJxNtKuz3rkq16A

regards

Mike