What is Known about the TPU

Author Topic: What is Known about the TPU (Read 589024 times)

Verpies	Re: What is Known about the TPU « Reply #875 on: 2026-06-27, 11:19:25 »
Group: Administrator Hero Member Posts: 4856	Quote from: Centraflow on 2026-06-27, 07:53:08 The core is 2 bifilar coils and like coils shorted. Below are 3 bifilar coils (not 6!). Each one is composed of 2 monofilar coils. Each of these bifilar coils has two terminals. Quote from: Centraflow on 2026-06-27, 07:53:08 It is at a first glance A CAPACITOR. So this would indicate the bifilar coil type depicted in Diag.3. Correct ?

Centraflow

Re: What is Known about the TPU « Reply #876 on: 2026-06-27, 16:29:04 »

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Quote from: Verpies on 2026-06-27, 11:19:25

Below are 3 bifilar coils (not 6!). Each one is composed of 2 monofilar coils.
Each of these bifilar coils has two terminals.

So this would indicate the bifilar coil type depicted in Diag.3. Correct ?

Of course 3.

Zero L and maximum C

It is equivalent to 2 capacitor plates with a very large area, is it not?

So if you look at the electric field, and the distributive current, they will be perpenducular to any coil that would be wound over the CORE.

So any coil which has L wound over the core would act as another plate and also induce current if that coil has AC passing through it.

From my phone, maybe typos😉

---------------------------

"All truth passes through three stages. First, it is ridiculed, second it is violently opposed, and third, it is accepted as self-evident."
Arthur Schopenhauer, Philosopher, 1788-1860

As a general rule, the most successful person in life is the person that has the best information.

Magluvin	Re: What is Known about the TPU « Reply #877 on: 2026-06-27, 17:17:04 »
Group: Mad Scientist Hero Member Posts: 1241	Quote from: Centraflow on 2026-06-27, 16:29:04 Of course 3. Hey Mike thanks for confirming what I had said several times. mags

Verpies

Re: What is Known about the TPU « Reply #878 on: 2026-06-27, 17:17:18 »

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Quote from: Centraflow on 2026-06-27, 16:29:04

It is equivalent to 2 capacitor plates with a very large area, is it not?

Yes, at low frequencies when the lumped model of capacitance is still valid. At higher frequencies the electric potential is no longer the same along the wires and the lumped model fails.

Also, the thinner the wires are and the more of them are and the closer they are packed together, the larger the capacitance.

The choice of the wire's insulation thickness and material greatly affects this capacitance, too:

Teflon (PTFE)	2.1
Polyethylene (PE)	2.25–2.35
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)	3.5–8.0
Nylon (Polyamide)	3.5–5.0
Cross-linked Polyethylene (XLPE)	2.3–2.4
Silicone Rubber	2.9–4.0

So out of these insulation materials, PVC creates the largest inter-turn capacitance.

Quote from: Centraflow on 2026-06-27, 16:29:04

So if you look at the electric field, and the distributive current, ...

Do you mean "displacement current" ?

Cross section perpendicular to the wires:

The electric field between the wires of a charged bifilar coil in Diag.3

Quote from: Centraflow on 2026-06-27, 16:29:04

...they will be perpendicular to any coil that would be wound over the CORE.

Is that coil, that is wound over it, a bifilar one or a monofilar one ?

Cheappower2012

Re: What is Known about the TPU « Reply #879 on: 2026-06-28, 00:36:52 »

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You lost me, what does a bifilar coil have to do with the TPU's operation ?

In the past it was believed Steven Mark can not lie, would not lie and wants you to build his TPU.
It appears that a lot of members still believe Steven Mark cannot lie.
Steven Mark [was, is] a very creative person, more like Faraday, not like Maxwell, I don't believe he understood how the TPU worked.
He [was, is] a pathological liar, I believe that he assumed the identity of an engineer [Spherics] who claimed he worked with Steven Mark and delivered a load of mind altering garbage, people still point to it as proof of a theory they have.
I'm not looking to fight only to understand why some member's believe Steven Mark can not lie.

Verpies

Re: What is Known about the TPU « Reply #880 on: 2026-06-28, 00:55:31 »

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Quote from: Cheappower2012 on 2026-06-28, 00:36:52

You lost me, what does a bifilar coil have to do with the TPU's operation ?

It's not me. When I read on this forum that someone wants to know how such-and-such coil behaves, then I analyze it for them. This analysis is not an endorsement of their proposition.

I leave it to others to determine whether such coil really was inside the TPU and if it was then you can be sure it behaves the way I describe it.
...and if it wasn't a part of the TPU then it's still a nice puzzle to solve for posterity...

Centraflow	Re: What is Known about the TPU « Reply #881 on: 2026-06-28, 12:28:42 »
Group: Experimentalist Hero Member Posts: 3965	Yes I meant displacement current when charging and discharging. --------------------------- "All truth passes through three stages. First, it is ridiculed, second it is violently opposed, and third, it is accepted as self-evident." Arthur Schopenhauer, Philosopher, 1788-1860 As a general rule, the most successful person in life is the person that has the best information.

Verpies	Re: What is Known about the TPU « Reply #882 on: 2026-06-28, 13:51:06 »
Group: Administrator Hero Member Posts: 4856	Quote from: Centraflow on 2026-06-28, 12:28:42 Yes I meant displacement current when charging and discharging. What about my second question mark ? (I made it red so you don't miss it)

Centraflow

Re: What is Known about the TPU « Reply #883 on: 2026-06-29, 07:32:23 »

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Quote from: Verpies on 2026-06-28, 13:51:06

What about my second question mark ? (I made it red so you don't miss it)

Well the important thing is it has to be next to the core.
If you wind it as mono and then the other two coils over that, it will separate the other coils from the core.

SM stated that the "b" coils must be next to the collectors.

Now why did he call them collectors!!! Is not a capacitor a collector, a receiver of voltage!!

With SM you have to read into his mind, and then use your own.

The videos showed some things, eg the cut open toroid where there was nothing in the middle but a black cork. Black cork is used for sound insulation in the music recording industry. So where are the "collectors"!!!

You have to follow the switching and "stored" "blocked" current to see where the current goes in the cycle.

---------------------------

"All truth passes through three stages. First, it is ridiculed, second it is violently opposed, and third, it is accepted as self-evident."
Arthur Schopenhauer, Philosopher, 1788-1860

As a general rule, the most successful person in life is the person that has the best information.

Verpies

Re: What is Known about the TPU « Reply #884 on: 2026-06-29, 12:50:39 »

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Quote from: Centraflow on 2026-06-29, 07:32:23

If you wind it as mono and then the other two coils over that, it will separate the other coils from the core.

Do you mean radial separation ?

Are you implying that monofilar winding in the second layer is not optimal ?
If "yes", then what is the optimal alternative to a monofilar winding in the second layer ?

Please don't just answer "bifilar" or "trifilar" without further qualification because many types of such windings are possible...

Some of the bifilar windings depicted above are fundamentally inductive and some are capacitive and some are neither.
A monofilar winding is fundamentally inductive...

Magluvin	Re: What is Known about the TPU « Reply #885 on: 2026-06-29, 16:40:46 »
Group: Mad Scientist Hero Member Posts: 1241	Fig 3 mags What is Known about the TPU Screenshot_20260520_011348_Firefox.jpg (770.35 kB, 1080x2408 - viewed 106 times.)

Magluvin	Re: What is Known about the TPU « Reply #886 on: 2026-06-29, 17:48:09 »
Group: Mad Scientist Hero Member Posts: 1241	mags What is Known about the TPU Screenshot 2026-06-29 124701.png (45.96 kB, 671x428 - viewed 495 times.)

Centraflow

Re: What is Known about the TPU « Reply #887 on: 2026-06-29, 18:41:29 »

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The coil that is constantly changing current direction (AC) is "b" and has to be the closest to the "core".

This is like an induction "furnace". If there are gaps in the windings there is not a big problem, wound as a toroid the inner circumference and outer circumference are different. The core bifilar coils are shorted, zero L max C.

If you have a larger diameter wire for the core it is better for two reasons (core 16awg, tri coil 18awg), the core warms up with the high shorted "circulating" current. The tri coils in relation to the core , fan out at the circumference in relation which is not a big problem, each of the coils has its own function, but "b" must always be next to the core.

You need to look at SMs photos of a mockup to show the order of windings and direction of the current (collector "coils" current path). It is not the wire that is perpenducular, it is the current.

Read the pdf attached, understand the switching, current and where that current goes.

STEAP switching.pdf (113.38 kB - downloaded 15 times.)

---------------------------

"All truth passes through three stages. First, it is ridiculed, second it is violently opposed, and third, it is accepted as self-evident."
Arthur Schopenhauer, Philosopher, 1788-1860

As a general rule, the most successful person in life is the person that has the best information.

Verpies	Re: What is Known about the TPU « Reply #888 on: 2026-06-29, 18:50:18 »
Group: Administrator Hero Member Posts: 4856	Quote from: Magluvin on 2026-06-29, 17:48:09 mags Quote from: Centraflow on 2026-06-27, 16:29:04 Of course 3. Zero L and maximum C That was Centraflow's answer regarding the first layer. My latest questions were about the second layer.

Centraflow

Re: What is Known about the TPU « Reply #889 on: 2026-06-30, 09:44:17 »

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In the windings what is imperative is the b coils next to the core, the best way is the b coils between the a and c coils side by side, abc where b is both inductive and capacitive, and the core is not being blocked to the a and c coils.

This was shown by SMs mockup photos.

---------------------------

"All truth passes through three stages. First, it is ridiculed, second it is violently opposed, and third, it is accepted as self-evident."
Arthur Schopenhauer, Philosopher, 1788-1860

As a general rule, the most successful person in life is the person that has the best information.

Magluvin	Re: What is Known about the TPU « Reply #890 on: 2026-06-30, 16:24:40 »
Group: Mad Scientist Hero Member Posts: 1241	So abc is basically a trifilar layered over the core. Considering the criteria, only 1 layer. mags

Verpies

Re: What is Known about the TPU « Reply #891 on: 2026-06-30, 17:13:41 »

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Quote from: Magluvin on 2026-06-30, 16:24:40

So abc is basically a trifilar layered over the core. Considering the criteria, only 1 layer.

I agree ...but Centraflow writes:

Quote from: Centraflow on 2026-06-29, 18:41:29

The coil that is constantly changing current direction (AC) is "b" and has to be the closest to the "core".

In English "the closest" is a superlative that has only one member.
Since "core" = a bifilar winding on Layer 1 then the "b" winding must be in the Layer 2 because that is radially "the closest" layer to Layer 1.

In Centraflow's statement, the other windings did not deserve "the closest" to Layer 1 superlative, thus by process of elimination that means they are "not the closest" to Layer 1, i.e. they are radially further, but that is contradicting his "side by side" statement.

The electric field between a monofilar winding wound over a type-3 bifilar winding looks as follows when AC flows through the monofilar:

The E-field of trifilar winding (of undefined type) wound over the type-3 bifilar winding would be much much more complex ...but most importantly it is undefined as of now because we have contradictory statements from Centraflow about what exactly is in Layer 2, monofilar, bifilar type-x, trifilar type-x winding... What ?

Also, is there a Layer 3, and if "yes" then how many and what type of windings are in it ?

Verpies

Re: What is Known about the TPU « Reply #892 on: 2026-06-30, 17:35:48 »

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Quote from: Centraflow on 2026-06-29, 18:41:29

The coil that is constantly changing current direction (AC) is "b" and has to be the closest to the "core".

Quote from: Centraflow on 2026-06-30, 09:44:17

In the windings what is imperative is the b coils next to the core, the best way is the b coils between the a and c coils side by side, abc where b is both inductive and capacitive, ...

So answer the question directly.
How many and what types of windings are in the Layer 2 ?

We already established that you call the winding in the Layer 1 - "the core" ...and that it is a type-3 bifilar winding.

Quote from: Centraflow on 2026-06-30, 09:44:17

...and the core is not being blocked to the a and c coils.

What does "blocked to" mean ?

Centraflow

Re: What is Known about the TPU « Reply #893 on: 2026-07-01, 19:08:01 »

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Attached, again, are the SM "mockup" photos which were supplied right at the end when he must have been really frustrated that he could not show "exactly" how this is done.

You have to read into the photos and his words.

The "fields" have to be perpendicular to one another or it will not work.

Which fields? it really does not matter, electric or magnetic, just that you do not mix them electric with magnetic. He is showing the electric field, the current going through the wire.

The so called collectors he shows an electric field and two ends of which the two are collectors (mock up of two electric fields).

The mock up is, as he said at the time, the real way the coils are wound, remembering the "b" has to be the closest to the collectors (plural) and most important.

Look at the a b c coils, IF they were wound one on top of the other, the b coil would be first in the series followed by a and c, but they are NOT. The sequence is a b c and when you realize how it works you will understand.

The silver wire through the center is just a stiffener, coat hanger opened out, but the solder wire around the outside is a "ground shield" for EMI.

Inside the core there is only a former made of cork, black cork as used in an audio studio for sound proofing. (re the cut open TPU comments).

So what is a collector! answer a capacitor collecting voltage.

If you wind a mono coil for b over the core, you will block the return magnetic field from the core to the a and c coils, that field will be absorb back into the instigator, the b coil AC.

What is Known about the TPU

SM drawing and mock up.png (745.63 kB, 1350x571 - viewed 75 times.)

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"All truth passes through three stages. First, it is ridiculed, second it is violently opposed, and third, it is accepted as self-evident."
Arthur Schopenhauer, Philosopher, 1788-1860

As a general rule, the most successful person in life is the person that has the best information.

Verpies	Re: What is Known about the TPU « Reply #894 on: 2026-07-01, 19:21:38 »
Group: Administrator Hero Member Posts: 4856	Quote from: Centraflow on 2026-07-01, 19:08:01 Inside the core there is only a former made of cork, ... On the photo, it looks like 3 circumferential turns of thick orange wire and one of coathanger wire and "shield". All other windings have toroidal turns.

Centraflow

Re: What is Known about the TPU « Reply #895 on: 2026-07-02, 08:36:05 »

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Quote from: Verpies on 2026-07-01, 19:21:38

On the photo, it looks like 3 circumferential turns of thick orange wire and one of coathanger wire and "shield".
All other windings have toroidal turns.

Yes it is 3 turns of thick wire demonstating the electric field, not the winding.

The over wound solenoids electric field is perpendicular, passes through the wire of the coils. The core which is two wires shorted forming a capacitor, being shorted there is NO L, the electric field is perpendicular to the solenoid field. Like wise if you look at it from the point of view of magnetic fields, they are also perpendicular to one another.

The other point is each plate has a different charge + & -, and the overwound "b" coil has alternating current which induces a current in both the plates of the core. This will create a reflecting magnetic field back to the over wound solenoids, as within an induction heater. The thing is though one "plate is charge + and the other - .

---------------------------

"All truth passes through three stages. First, it is ridiculed, second it is violently opposed, and third, it is accepted as self-evident."
Arthur Schopenhauer, Philosopher, 1788-1860

As a general rule, the most successful person in life is the person that has the best information.

Centraflow

Re: What is Known about the TPU « Reply #896 on: 2026-07-02, 08:39:49 »

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The current in the "b" coil is running in the opposite direction to the current in the "a" & "c" coils, the magnetic fields produced are bucking one another, NOT THE CURRENT.

---------------------------

"All truth passes through three stages. First, it is ridiculed, second it is violently opposed, and third, it is accepted as self-evident."
Arthur Schopenhauer, Philosopher, 1788-1860

As a general rule, the most successful person in life is the person that has the best information.

Verpies	Re: What is Known about the TPU « Reply #897 on: 2026-07-02, 17:35:43 »
Group: Administrator Hero Member Posts: 4856	Quote from: Centraflow on 2026-07-02, 08:39:49 The current in the "b" coil is running in the opposite direction to the current in the "a" & "c" coils, ... Is the frequency of this current supposed to match the self-resonance frequency of the bifilar3 winding located underneath it ?

Centraflow

Re: What is Known about the TPU « Reply #898 on: 2026-07-03, 18:09:52 »

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Quote from: Verpies on 2026-07-02, 17:35:43

Is the frequency of this current supposed to match the self-resonance frequency of the bifilar3 winding located underneath it ?

What happens at the startup gets to be complicated as this goes through more sequences.

At the start A fet is ON and negative but changing to positive when it goes OFF and B fet is ON and negative. At this point the bifilar CORE capacitance charges up, + at A and - at B.

When B fet goes OFF and turns positive, and the C fet turns ON and is negative, the C3 cap charges. At this point the core capacitance has not changed polarity, you just have two capacitances charged and in Series +-+-.

Now B fet switches again, negative and then positive and the A fet goes ON and the drain and A core are negative.

What happens is a complicated shorting of the capacitances and a moving charge separation within the output coil.

What you need to look at is how the "b" coil (b1+b2) are connected because each end is both + and negative depending on which mosfet is PULLING from which end

---------------------------

"All truth passes through three stages. First, it is ridiculed, second it is violently opposed, and third, it is accepted as self-evident."
Arthur Schopenhauer, Philosopher, 1788-1860

As a general rule, the most successful person in life is the person that has the best information.

Verpies	Re: What is Known about the TPU « Reply #899 on: 2026-07-03, 18:34:53 »
Group: Administrator Hero Member Posts: 4856	I asked you to relate two frequencies ...not to describe the commutation and capacitance charging sequence.