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Author Topic: The Inventions of Willi von Unruh and Hans Coler  (Read 24422 times)

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I am not talking of producing a standing wave as shown in the attached, it is different.

Just think of a cork screw wave action passing through the center of a solenoid.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standing_wave#/media/File:Waventerference.gif

Mike


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A ferromagnetic core would be a bad thing to do.
...
I base my work on Coler's device, which uses ferromagnetic cores.
As for the rest, the hypotheses need to mature before anything can be tested.


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I base my work on Coler's device, which uses ferromagnetic cores.
As for the rest, the hypotheses need to mature before anything can be tested.

Yes, but I think they were ferrite, and not an iron magnet, but I may be wrong and it used a particular magnetic configuration.

Anyway, you do not need a perminent magnetic field, there is an easier way to do it using a charging capacitor for the electric field to create the magnetic field, and abruptly discharge it, and charge again. The direction of the electric field will be equal to a strand of wire, and use the right hand rule to show the magnetic field.

Mike


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"All truth passes through three stages. First, it is ridiculed, second it is violently opposed, and third, it is accepted as self-evident."
Arthur Schopenhauer, Philosopher, 1788-1860

As a general rule, the most successful person in life is the person that has the best information.
   
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I started studying literature. In general, an anomalous effect is weak and marginal in relation to the main effect. But here, the opposite is true. The Hall effect is weak, but the anomalous Hall effect (AHE) is significant in ferromagnetic materials (“in nickel, the anomalous Hall coefficient is about 100 times larger than the ordinary Hall coefficient near the Curie temperature”).

AHE is mainly due to electron spin/orbit interaction, with the very interesting consequence that :
“Due to a nonlinear coupling between the conduction electron and local spin, the out-of-plane component of the dynamic magnetization can directly rectify rf currents into a time-independent Hall signal in ferromagnetic materials.” (Spin-rectification).
So this would explain what I was looking for elsewhere: that DC current in Coler's device, obtained from oscillatory currents. The best lead yet.


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Very Interesting that 126.85 degrees Celsius for the Curie temperature of Co₃O₄. Which can be made by decomposition of Cobalt Nitrate and near its Curie temperature, the AHE in Co₃O₄ can become quite pronounced.

General Observation: Co₃O₄, being a ferrimagnetic material, shows a significant anomalous Hall effect (AHE), particularly near its Curie temperature. This is because the AHE is strongly dependent on the magnetization of the material, which is influenced by the magnetic ordering.
Specific Value: Exact values for the Anomalous Hall Coefficient of Co₃O₄ are not universally standardized and can differ based on experimental conditions. However, studies indicate:
A work on Co-based materials like Co₂MnGa, which has some relevance due to similar magnetic properties, reported giant anomalous Hall conductivities (AHC) in the range of several hundred to over a thousand S/cm near room temperature, but this isn't directly Co₃O₄.
For Co₃O₄ specifically:
One study might mention an AHC in the range of several hundred S/cm, particularly when considering the intrinsic contributions from Berry curvature.
Another study on transition metal oxides, including cobalt oxide, might show AHC values in the order of 100 to 1000 S/cm near the Curie temperature, but these are often broad estimates.
Temperature Dependence: The AHC of Co₃O₄ would peak near its Curie temperature (around 126.85°C or 400K) where magnetic fluctuations are significant. At room temperature, the AHC would be lower but still noticeable due to the material's ferrimagnetic nature.

PS Half wave rectified DC 110V from Colemans device, probably half wave because he uses a tuned circuit to vary the magnetic field strength through the Cobalt sample.
   
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Do we have any idea of the composition of Coler's ferromagnetic cores?
I'm talking about impurities because I suppose it's mainly Fe.


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Do we have any idea of the composition of Coler's ferromagnetic cores?
I'm talking about impurities because I suppose it's mainly Fe.
Scientific papers from that time (1920 -1930) refer to Swedish iron.  It appears that iron ore mined in Sweden or Norway produced iron of higher purity than that mined elsewhere.

International Critical Tables gives data for both types.  https://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjj8dv3uJPXAhWGOxoKHe7OChsQFggoMAA&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nap.edu%2Fcatalog%2F20230%2Finternational-critical-tables-of-numerical-data-physics-chemistry-and-technology&usg=AOvVaw1xdVJlIejHulOiBPzfgEWj

In 1946 Coler was using Armco iron.

API brochure for Armco Iron www.pctmg.nl/uploads/API-Brochure.pdf


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Thank you Smudge. This information is valuable. As the "Coler effect" is significant, we can think that it is related to iron more than to rare impurities, even if the second hypothesis cannot be ruled out. So I'll turn first to the papers on the AHE of iron.


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Armco iron advertises itself as an ultra-pure iron, today with less than 0.15% impurities. I haven't found out what it was in Coler's day, but probably better than 0.5%.
Since AHE requires impurities and few impurities can have a significant effect, then if this is one of the effects required by Coler's machine, it would be interesting to know what these impurities are. A search on Armco's history tells us about “the elimination of the metallic, metalloidal and gaseous impurities in iron” and says: ‘it has been found good practice to reduce all impurities, not only manganese, but sulfur, silicon, carbon, and also gases’.
Mg therefore seemed to be the most important. None of these products are magnetic, no Co, Cr nor Ni (or are they part of the impurities that can be kept because they have no effect on rust?). So we're not very far advanced in its application to the Coler device.

Academic research on AHE is mainly focused on more or less exotic materials, generally in thin films. And it deals with the phenomenon only rarely and marginally in the context of variable currents, rectification is little mentioned or in a context that is not our own, so we're not very advanced either.

What emerges is that there are still many questions surrounding this effect, that there is no theory for all the variants of the effect, that it is far from having been sufficiently tested, and so for us everything remains open.

It seems to me that the basic brick is only a “forward” circuit in a non-magnetic wire, and its “return” in an iron bar or plate just above which the wire passes, provoking a transverse magnetic field in the bar, a bar partially magnetized longitudinally too. The fact of having several passages of wire along a plate with current in the same direction, as well as the multiplicity of plates, or electromagnets, seems to me to serve to increase power and constitute a servo system to maintain the conditions of a reaction maintaining the effect.
I'm not at home at the moment, but I plan to start experimenting on the basic brick next week.


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I don't know if this helps.  Below is a pdf taken from a 1929 document "International Critical Tables of Numeric Data".  It mentions Swedish iron and Norwegian iron.  Note that at that time Unruh/Coler were funded by a Norwegian Group so likely they used iron sourced from that region, as did other scientists.

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I don't know if this helps.  Below is a pdf taken from a 1929 document "International Critical Tables of Numeric Data".  It mentions Swedish iron and Norwegian iron.  Note that at that time Unruh/Coler were funded by a Norwegian Group so likely they used iron sourced from that region, as did other scientists.

Smudge

Ok, no disrespect in any way, electrolytic what does it mean, the word!

It is the way "electricity" moves in an "item", metal or what ever.

To cirumvent things, how does a current move "in" a capacitor!  Well it moves when it charges and not when it discharges. You may think, what is he talking about!  As I said this is to circumvent what you are looking at, and to move forward to the effect, like a diode that has a forward current and not in reverse, this is a magnetic field which has no reverse, as in an AC current which has a reverse, and so a reverse magnetic field.

I leave it at that, if you want to know more, ask me, or I leave you in peace.

Regards

Mike


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"All truth passes through three stages. First, it is ridiculed, second it is violently opposed, and third, it is accepted as self-evident."
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...
To cirumvent things, how does a current move "in" a capacitor!  Well it moves when it charges and not when it discharges.
...

A current doesn't “move”. It's the charges that move. And charges move in the direction of the electric field, the only thing they're sensitive to.


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I don't know if this helps.  Below is a pdf taken from a 1929 document "International Critical Tables of Numeric Data".  It mentions Swedish iron and Norwegian iron.  Note that at that time Unruh/Coler were funded by a Norwegian Group so likely they used iron sourced from that region, as did other scientists.

Smudge

I'm quite amazed at the purity of the products of the time. The composition of impurities can be very important for AHE or NMR. It can be used for analysis if an abnormal effect is detectable. Conversely, predicting an effect from the nature and level of impurities seems to me to be out of reach.


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I'm quite amazed at the purity of the products of the time. The composition of impurities can be very important for AHE or NMR.
That's very true.  The purity affects the domain motions and the -33.02T internal hyperfine field inside bulk metallic iron.
The graph below illustrates the difference that annealing can make:

   

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A current doesn't “move”. It's the charges that move. And charges move in the direction of the electric field, the only thing they're sensitive to.

Yes badly put, but it does not change the magnetic field created when charging.

Mike


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"All truth passes through three stages. First, it is ridiculed, second it is violently opposed, and third, it is accepted as self-evident."
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I will explain a little more.

Wind a BIFILAR coil but use it only as a capacitor, that is short each coil so it is only a capacitor. Wind a solenoid over the top of the bifilar coil and pass a pulsed DC current through it. At the same time charge slowly the now capacitor in the middle of the solenoid and then discharge it very very quickly, short it, and then slowly charge it again.

Of course this can be all done in a DC to DC boost type converter.

So where are the magnetic fields and what are they doing?

When you complicate things and look for exotic solutions, you can not see the wood for the trees.

Just trying to help.

Mike
« Last Edit: 2025-02-18, 12:40:01 by Centraflow »


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"All truth passes through three stages. First, it is ridiculed, second it is violently opposed, and third, it is accepted as self-evident."
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The complication comes only from making analogies, or talking about capacitors or inductances when dealing with lines, except when considering them distributed.
When a current is not the same everywhere in a closed circuit, due to propagation phenomena, which is generally the case in pulse mode in bifilar lines or elsewhere, we have to go back to physics or, in practice, to modeling software. The magnetic field is only the result of the distribution of currents in the volume under consideration, it's as simple as that. But knowing this distribution in practice isn't always easy, except in the quasi-static case where you can equate a coil with a simple inductance, or two plates or two close conductors with a simple capacitor, and the current everywhere the same in the circuit at a given instant, which is false in the general case.

As far as Coler is concerned, we don't know what frequencies are involved. Even GHz frequencies could be at work, and DC currents or frequencies of a few hundred Khz, non-linear effects linked to the former (but of course this is not the hypothesis we'll start with).



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hmm, it kinda like peltier effect of thermoelectric. but absorbing electromagnetic wave or some kind of energy field and then directing it into the electric circuit.
also remind me of surge current & tension.
   

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Here are my latest thoughts on the Stromerzeuger.  Essentially I am saying that the Hall effect within a high mu ferromagnetic conductor like Fe creates an acceleration of the conduction electrons as they pass by the atoms.  They leave the atom at a higher Fermi velocity than the arrival velocity.  That increase in kinetic energy has to come from the atom.  The acceleration region of the conduction electron's trajectory is close to the atom so it is reasonable to look at the induced E field vortex applying to the atom's orbital electrons.  From the atom's viewpoint this vortex is ephemeral, it suddenly appears and then disappears.  The orbiting electron sees a unidirectional pulse.  With a stream of conduction electrons there appears a stream of unidirectional pulses leading to a continuous supply of energy.

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So what is the frequency of the RF ?
   

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Between 100Khz and 200Khz
   

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Between 100Khz and 200Khz
Is this frequency related to the current density (A/m2) and electron drift velocity and the atom density of the conductor ?
   

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Is this frequency related to the current density (A/m2) and electron drift velocity and the atom density of the conductor ?
No, it's the frequency that the Stromezeuger is believed to work at.  Coler mentions 100 KHz and elsewhere it is reported as 180 KHz.  I can do calcs on spreadsheets using those frequencies, using the atom density and conduction electron density, the classical Hall formulae, the known conductivity, the Fe rod dimensions and the likely very high relative permeability of pure Fe to show that OU is possible when the circular RF Corbino currents at the surface of the Fe rod induces voltage into a coil wound on the rod.  But spreadsheet calculations are not proof, we need real evidence.

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I can do calcs on spreadsheets using those frequencies, using the atom density and conduction electron density, the classical Hall formulae, the known conductivity, the Fe rod dimensions and the likely very high relative permeability of pure Fe to show that OU is possible when the circular RF Corbino currents at the surface of the Fe rod induces voltage into a coil wound on the rod.
Experiments notwithstanding, do the calculations anyway as a sanity check of your theoretical framework.
   
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With a classical explanation and the ordinary Hall effect, nothing would explain overunity.
In ferromagnetic materials, the anomalous Hall effect is far more important than the ordinary Hall effect, and expresses itself in several mutually independent forms.
I don't think the explanation is classical, but rather quantum, and surely very complex because with more than one cause. That's probably why reproducibility is so difficult.
What may have a classical explanation are the frequencies of 100 to 200 KHz, which may simply depend on the values of the inductances and their capacitive coupling with the magnetic cores, and have no determining link with the nature of the effect. The opposite may also be true, that they are determined by NMR effects, for example, which would also explain the difficulties of reproducibility due to the high frequencies that must be in phase throughout the material...
In fact, you can say anything and everything as long as you haven't reproduced anything. My main point is that we have basically two crossed magnetic sources, one of which is generated by a current that also passes through the magnetic core. I've prepared a bit of material to start experimenting around this idea, but haven't had the time to start in earnest yet.


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