Vacuum energy / X-machine

[Hunternico]

Hi people,

I'm new on this forum, French (sorry for my english, I will try to do my best, promise  ), and I want to share some ideas / theories about vacuum energy and homopolar generators (HPG)/space power generator (SPG) called N-machine.

Fascinated for more than 30 years by alternative energy sources, I have recently done a lot of research on the potential energy contained in vacuum, and I have come to conclusions, or rather intuitions,based on  facts or experiences already carried out.

Energy contained in vacuum, is a fact accepted by the entire scientific community, validated by the Casimir effect, or the Lamb shift, among others.

As far as I know, vacuum is made up of creation of virtual particles and antiparticles which are generated and canceled every 10⁻²⁵s approximately, electron/positron, proton/antiproton, neutron/antineutron, etc...

I made the connection between the N-machines which are capable of generating currents of thousands or even millions of amperes, but with a low voltage ,and the energy of vacuum when watching a documentary on Hawking's radiation, it was a sort of revelation.

Hawking radiation is the thermal radiation predicted to be spontaneously emitted by black holes. It arises from the steady conversion of quantum vacuum fluctuations into pairs of particles, one of which escaping at infinity while the other is trapped inside the black hole horizon

It is at this limit that the attraction of the black hole will only be able to capture one of the 2 particles/antiparticles created from the vacuum, which will result in not canceling its opposite.
The result is that there will be a particle created, therefore matter/energy.

I made the link with the research of Bruce De Palma, Adam trombly, etc... on HPG or SPG.

N-Machines fascinate me, and are also often called "space power generator/extractor", in short, vacuum energy extraction machine.

I think that's exactly what happens in an HPG/SPG, generating so many amps with such a "small" machine is beyond comprehension.

Lots of people explain this phenomenon by the Lorentz's force, but I'm not agree with that, several experiences show with a embedded measuring device on a HPG show no output.
Here is one experience for exemple :

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KuK0ACNNfiI

I am convinced (it's only my opinion... ) that an HPG/SPG, by rotating a material (usually a copper disk) in a magnetic field without variation of this one, by "cutting" the flux lines will "capture" either a particle or an antiparticle (in the present case an electron or a positron), and thus allow its opposite to exist.

The "creation" of an electron or a positron will therefore create a current either positive in one case or negative in the other.

What brings me to this intuition is that if the HPG rotates in one direction it will generate a positive current, and in the other negative (I can be wrong, it can be not the case, only one of the particle electron or positron is "sensible"to this effect, but anyway at this stage it's not important for understanding, and I think it can be checked later, the efficiency should be different if it's electron or positron).

And on an other side,the yield of a HPG directly depends on:

-The strength of the magnetic field (which I think will increase the "disturbance" in vacuum)
-The diameter of the HPG (the peripheral speed increasing with the diameter will also increase the "disturbance" in vacuum)
-The speed of rotation, which intersects with the proposal above, and which will therefore also increase the "disturbance" in vacuum.

Why only electrons/positrons? I think simply that they are "basics" polarized particles, and that the energies involved do not make it possible to capture either protons/anti-protons, etc...

The materials that exist today have properties that have increased considerably compared to those that were used for the first HPG made (De Palma,Trombly, Tewari,etc...)

-Neodymium magnets instead of ferrite are much more powerful than those used before (~1.3 Tesla against ~0.4 Tesla), but I  will explain later why I think it's not the better solution for generating a magnetic field in a HPG.

-The materials that will carry the field have progressed considerably: soft iron at the time with a saturation of the order of ~1.5 Tesla, against Hiperco 50 or Permendur (iron-cobalt alloy) which have the highest saturation of the order of ~2.5 Tesla, I will develop later this point as I think it can be a real advantage for a better efficiency.

All this would lead to an increase in the performance of an HPG, even if there is a way to do even better in my opinion, because inevitably this type of machine has its specifics problems (generation of direct current, high amperage difficult to handle, complex current "collecting" system).

Having thought about it for a long time, I have ideas to solve almost all these problems (It's my opinion...), it remains to be validated, of course.

I started to make a replica of a HPG, at a small scale to carry out tests, in particular to test the impact of the use of different materials and configurations, because I think ferromagnetic, diamagnetic or non magnetic materials will have a big impact on the efficiency.
I will test for axle and disc : iron, copper, brass, aluminium and bronze.
I already have interesting results, even surprising, but for the moment I have made only few tests, it's only the beginning.

Here is the "machine": (sorry I don't know how to insert an image)

https://ibb.co/swbcKT1




I will publish photos/videos and the results obtained.

And here is the very first test, design have been improved since (pulleys and belt for more RPM, and some minor changes).

https://www.youtube.com/shorts/KAVaOiw0mnA

As you will see, my HPG generate AC current, it was totaly due to chance, I didn't saw when I order the magnets it was diametrical magnetized magnets instead of axialy ,but it was very usefull for understanding next step. Axially magnetized magnets will be tested too.

So in this case it can be considered as a bipolar generator (BPG).

As you can understand, with 3 120° spaced "brushes", you can easily get triphased current, it's just a comment.

I have theories, which in my opinion are defensible, and already encouraging results linked to my first tests, even if on a small scale:

- If it's like I am thinking a "vacuum" effect ,does a HPG running in vacuum will be more efficient?

- Brushes have to be replaced with liquid metal (that is not new), for minimal resistance and drag , and maximise the surface for output. Today it's easy to find gallium or galinstan alloy for that purpose.

- Bearing have to be replaced with ceramic bearings, as I think it can create unwanted effects (current/magnetism)

- The position of the conductor for output can have unwanted effects, as it will generate a magnetic field who will bother the "equilibrium"of the HPG. Extracting current by one or several coils around the HPG can strengthen the magnetic field and therefore increase the efficiency.

- Instead of a disc for current collection, I think a cylindrical collector will be an advantage (a tube around the machine with a layer of liquid metal between them): more surface, less heat due to high current, even it will create more drag. Connnecting several coils around this collector could be helpful to renforce the magnetic field. So liquid metal for extraction will be between 2 magnetic fields, like a closed path, I don't know if the direction of the 2 magnetic fields will have an impact on efficiency (same/opposite?), but probably.

- As DC is hard to handle, especialy at high amps, HPG should produce AC, that I know now it's possible (I never said it will be easy...).

I will be happy to share about them, and have criticism on my theories.

[F6FLT]

Welcome Hunternico, but bad news.

"De Palma's death in New Zealand in October 1997 put an end to his most ambitious free energy project, and occurred only weeks prior to the official testing of a device constructed over the course of 6 months in an Auckland workshop. The test was attended by, among others, the project's financial backer, Bruce Bornholdt, a prominent Wellington barrister, as well as the pioneering developer of the Adams Motor, Robert Adams, who observed the operation of, and measured electrical output from, the N-machine. This single test failed to demonstrate the over-unity potential of the N-machine, most of the output energy being lost as heat, and the project was immediately dissolved."

And it's on the rexresearch site, so if they say it doesn't work, then it doesn't work, because that site is pretty much the type that accepts all free energy claims without any requirement for proof  http://www.rexresearch.com/depalma/depalma.htm

Homopolar generators use the conventional Lorentz force. There is no mystery to how they work, the principle is straightforward, and there is really no hint of hidden subtlety that could make them an OU machine. De Palma and the N-Machine is an old free energy story that never worked, among all the other old stories.

[Hakasays]

Howdy Hunter, welcome to the party 

Few things I can comment on:

- Brushes have to be replaced with liquid metal (that is not new), for minimal resistance and drag , and maximise the surface for output. Today it's easy to find gallium or galinstan alloy for that purpose.

I have worked with gallium.  It tends to oxidize quickly and amalgamates with almost everything.  Would not recommend for a long-term liquid metal.
Mercury is obviously out for toxicity reasons.

Cerrolow is one option that melts at fairly low temps but it contains toxic metals as well so I would not recommend except perhaps for small-scale testing.
Perhaps using a Bismuth-Tin alloy, and then just heat the whole unit to 150-200c?

Due to the low temps and high current, you might even be able to use a hydroxide electrolyte or suspended copper/silver solution.   Of course then you might get hydrogen/oxygen electrolysis, which may or may not be a useful result...

- If it's like I am thinking a "vacuum" effect ,does a HPG running in vacuum will be more efficient?

The real benefit of a vacuum IMO is being able to use a 'plasma brush' to extract power from the periphery instead of carbon.
HV is used to ionize the path between the rim and the stator and some significant current might be extracted without worrying about brush losses.

It's a big engineering difficulty though, especially if you're trying to get a deep vacuum.   I would not attempt without having a lathe.

I started to make a replica of a HPG, at a small scale to carry out tests, in particular to test the impact of the use of different materials and configurations, because I think ferromagnetic, diamagnetic or non magnetic materials will have a big impact on the efficiency.
I will test for axle and disc : iron, copper, brass, aluminium and bronze.
I already have interesting results, even surprising, but for the moment I have made only few tests, it's only the beginning.

Theoretically the best result would be the lowest resistance, but it would be interesting to see how efficiency compares between the materials in a real machine.

Your model is a bit small so I would not expect much useful power.   Of course as you scale up velocity and diameter things like vibration become a larger concern as well.

As you can understand, with 3 120° spaced "brushes", you can easily get triphased current, it's just a comment.

The DC output current should be proportional to the contact area.  Theoretically the most powerful generator is one with a brush that covers the entire perimeter (but then the friction losses go up accordingly)

- Bearing have to be replaced with ceramic bearings, as I think it can create unwanted effects (current/magnetism)

Good call.  Having fewer variables to worry about makes it easier to narrow things down.


Tesla wrote a paper on HPG's in the late 1800's as well you might be interested in:
https://teslauniverse.com/nikola-tesla/articles/notes-unipolar-dynamo



Good luck on your work.  I'm curious to see how such a motor might compare to an equivalent DC or AC induction motor of similar size

[Chet K]

Sir
Also be aware this is a builder/research  forum
And you have access to bench area to manage content and organize ( moderate your bench)

It is very useful for keeping topic on track towards your goal !

Respectfully
Chet K
PS
send note to Peterae he can set that bench up
I believe Poynt99 also can !
PPS
You can see bench section you scroll down main forum page !(image below)

[Hunternico]

Thank you for the welcoming 

Everyone understood that is it not an OU N-machine , but only a prototype to make test with diffrent materials and configuration and see what will happen.

By the way it's not a homopolar generator, but a bipolar generator (BPG)

It's to lay the foundations for the future machine which should be radically different.

I have worked with gallium.  It tends to oxidize quickly and amalgamates with almost everything.

Yes I know that    Gallium alloys seems to be a little bit more "stable"...
I have already made some tests to see which material can resist to a gallium alloy, but i'm not the only one, an interesting video:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UP_NvmRAllw&t=8s

and another one (see the end of the video)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cQaqUyKVIEE

I have planed the gallium "bath" will be vacuum, in order to supress (or reduce) oxydation problems.

I have read an interesting paper of 1973 made by H.H.W LOSTY and D.L. LEWIS on a HPG that use an "electrolic cell for reclaiming the liquid metal from the reaction products"  Their machine could produce 7V at 3 000RPM and 23 000A with a 92.5% efficiency.
Their system for reclaiming the gallium seemed to be effective.

About the vacuum, I am curious to see if there will be an impact on efficiency, drag for sure,  but will create other problem, for heat dissipation for exemple (can be solved by an outside cooling system).

This part is to see if a kind of HPG (or BPG) can interfere with the vacuum energy, it's only an intuition, I can't affirm it.
what brings me to this reasoning is that a measurement system attached to an HPG disc does not show any current when it is rotating, there have been several experiments on this.
If it's due to Lorentz force, normally there should be somme current. I precise it's only my opinion 

My machine is small, and a vacuum chamber will be not so hard to do, even if obtaining a deep vacuum will be really hard.
Partial vacuum for testing will be sufficient, if it makes an effect, normaly it should be interfere and be measured, in the other case... I could tick the cross.

Your model is a bit small so I would not expect much useful power.

You're right, I am really far of OU, but that's not the goal for the moment, just obtaining datas and understanding each point and interactions of the components of the machine.

Of course as you scale up velocity and diameter things like vibration become a larger concern as well.

Actually I have hit more than 14 000 RPM (~22m/s at the periphery of the magnets, 44m/s for the disc ...)
Vibrations are acceptables
I have a new pulley who can (theoricaly...) catch 28 000 RPM, not sure I will go that far, there is a possiblity to send one or two magnets on the moon and maybe even on mars 

More serioulsly, I think the magnets with no reinforcement will not survive, and may be me too...

The DC output current should be proportional to the contact area

That's exactly why I think to a "cylinder" as collector instead of just a disk (I don't know if you understand what I mean, like a bar rotating in a tube, with gallium between them).

More surface, less heat due to current and therefore less parasitic magnetic field generated by current as it will be better distributed, multiple conductors for output distributed around the cylinder which start in coils could around the cylinder could reinforce the primary magnetic field and improve efficency, and for sure more drag...

In the extrem case, you can imagine a cooling circuit with the gallium, not easy, but not impossible, even if there is still the problem of wich material will resist (plastic tubes for the circuit?).

As you can understand, with 3 120° spaced "brushes", you can easily get triphased current, it's just a comment.

In my case, because it's a diametrical magnetized magnet, I have not DC output but AC, wich is for me a good news, it "opened doors in my mind", lots of doors.

That's why I said with 3 120° spaced brushes I can easily get triphased voltage, not essential, but interesting.

It gave me the idea to use 2 180° spaced brushes, only on the disc, not the axle, and see the results, I think it will double the voltage, and generate less losses (resistance, stray magnetic field...)

I have hard plastic/composite non conductive axles (polyethylene, polyamide, acetal),
I will try with this configuration, but will bring the guide bearings closer, to limit vibrations.

you have access to bench area to manage content and organize ( moderate your bench)
send note to Peterae he can set that bench up
I believe Poynt99 also can !

Thank you for the advice, I will do.

Respectfully
Hunternico

[Grumpy]

There are high voltage HPG's:

https://www.google.com/search?q=high+voltage+homopolar+generator&safe=active&client=firefox-b-1-e&sxsrf=ALiCzsb6SicvE2mgcJDRIvV7eJxZBHEsHw%3A1667935323993&ei=W6xqY9-GPJqw5NoPqvSBiAI&ved=0ahUKEwifoPqjp5_7AhUaGFkFHSp6ACEQ4dUDCBA&uact=5&oq=high+voltage+homopolar+generator&gs_lcp=Cgxnd3Mtd2l6LXNlcnAQAzIFCAAQgAQyBQgAEIYDMgUIABCGAzIFCAAQhgMyBQgAEIYDOggIABCiBBCwAzoECCMQJzoFCAAQkQI6CwguEIAEEMcBEK8BOgoIABCABBCHAhAUOgYIABAWEB46CAgAEBYQHhAPSgQIQRgASgQIRhgAUL8GWNMjYLgoaABwAHgBgAHpA4gB8h6SAQowLjE3LjMuMC4xmAEAoAEByAEEwAEB&sclient=gws-wiz-serp

I bet that if you measure the time to reach a set velocity, stop the disc, and then restart it, that the time to reach the same set velocity will be reduced.

If you try this and it proves correct, please let us know.

[Hakasays]

Gallium alloys seems to be a little bit more "stable"...

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cQaqUyKVIEE
I have planed the gallium "bath" will be vacuum, in order to supress (or reduce) oxydation problems.

It's been a while, but I seem to remember high carbon and stainless steels having the best properties for 'common' metals.  But you still have to worry about friction heating, and it will be interesting to see how big of a problem that becomes.

About the vacuum, I am curious to see if there will be an impact on efficiency, drag for sure,  but will create other problem, for heat dissipation for exemple (can be solved by an outside cooling system).

Heat may not be a huge problem in a vacuum, as long as the thing isn't melting .   Ceramic bearings should be good to a few hundred degrees at least. 

Actually I have hit more than 14 000 RPM (~22m/s at the periphery of the magnets, 44m/s for the disc ...)
Vibrations are acceptables
I have a new pulley who can (theoricaly...) catch 28 000 RPM, not sure I will go that far, there is a possiblity to send one or two magnets on the moon and maybe even on mars 

14k is already really good for a device that size.

For balancing there are a few ways to do it.  The simplest is basically spinning up-to-speed and using an abrasive on a sponge to work away tiny bits of material at a time:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NiPPF2MORlg

Also Jeremiah Ferwah is a good source, as he also does a lot of work with Tesla Turbines and balancing (carbon fiber blades 3-4" diameter at over 120,000rpm!)
I'm not sure if carbon fiber is conductive enough for a HPG, but it is so light and strong it makes a perfect material for high-speed rotors...


Sounds like you have a good several months worth of exploration+experiments ahead.  Looking forward to seeing what you pick up

[Cadman]

I have planed the gallium "bath" will be vacuum, in order to supress (or reduce) oxydation problems.
...
About the vacuum, I am curious to see if there will be an impact on efficiency, drag for sure,  but will create other problem, for heat dissipation for exemple (can be solved by an outside cooling system).

Could you use an inert welding gas, such as argon for cooling the gallium?
At very low pressure, seal drag would be less and cooling might be handled with a radiator heat exchanger and natural circulation.

[Hunternico]

I bet that if you measure the time to reach a set velocity, stop the disc, and then restart it, that the time to reach the same set velocity will be reduced.

Will do, but not sure I can appreciate it, the machine revs up in a very short time, even at max RPM.
May be I can adjust volt or amp of my power supply in order to reduce the acceleration (actually I use a motorbike battery, but I have a laboratory power supply)

The simplest is basically spinning up-to-speed and using an abrasive on a sponge to work away tiny bits of material at a time

Already done    But I think I can do it better, I was a bit impatient to start seeing what it looked like... 

Heat may not be a huge problem in a vacuum, as long as the thing isn't melting

It can be, if for the "primary" magnetic field a neodym magnet is used, as its max temp is about 80°.

Ceramic bearings should be good to a few hundred degrees at least

For sure, as my actual bearings are becoming really hot quickly at high rpm ( they are rated ~8000 rpm max...)

high carbon and stainless steels having the best properties for 'common' metals

I already have a carbon steel disc, and I have some stainless steel plates, not sure cutting a disc in stainless steel will be easy, but I will try...really slowly (I use carbide hole-saw to cut the disc in plates)

Could you use an inert welding gas, such as argon for cooling the gallium?

I have argon (TIG welding machine), it can be an idea,  but not sure the interface gas/liquid is the best for cooling.
Cooling will be a second stage of development, not crucial for first tests.

Next tests this week end, will try to post the first results.

[F6FLT]

...
Everyone understood that is it not an OU N-machine , but only a prototype to make test with diffrent materials and configuration and see what will happen.
...

By "N-machine", it is an OU machine that we must understand, since this is what its inventor said.

If there is no OU, then it is a simple homopolar generator.

[Hakasays]

One HPG upgrade I've rarely seen attempted IRL is using a pair of disks with a conductive roller/belt joining the rim of the outer perimeter of both disks.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aBVdV8hM1QE

[Hunternico]

So, didn't had enough time this week end, but enough to make some tests.

As expected, when I put 2 opposite contacts on the disc, the voltage double.



The complete setup


You show it clearly in the video, but it was not a surprise.

https://youtu.be/6trTsO8GUPk

And here is the first result.



I have taken 2 values for the mV output, one with, my digital multimeter, and the second one with the "oscilloscope", wich values are 0.00 in Volt peak to peak (but not so sure about the precision...as it looks like a "chinese toy"), but magnitude orders should be good, and for the moment it's enough as it's only to see impact of materials.

I had lost  1000 RPM at max as friction is higher with 2 contacts, and I can see the temperature rise quickly during testing it's probably an issue as there is fluctuation on current measurment (higher resistance with temperature rising)

For futher testing, I will only use the configuration axle/disc as the next "X-machine" will be based on this base, but I think it can be good to see what happens in this configuration, even if it's not a surprise. 

Just received this morning axles in copper,, brass and bronze (I actually use à copper tube).                                                                                 

By "N-machine", it is an OU machine that we must understand, since this is what its inventor said.
If there is no OU, then it is a simple homopolar generator.

You're right, and wrong at he same time, and me too . It's actually a bipolar generator, so a little bit far from a N-machine, that's true.

So now it's called "X-machine", in order to avoid confusion.

One HPG upgrade I've rarely seen attempted IRL is using a pair of disks with a conductive roller/belt joining the rim of the outer perimeter of both disks.

That's exactly the principle of Tesla homopolar generator patent (with conductive belt).

I have already looked at his patent, and think about it, belt is a good idea, but in the case of high current, it will cause problems as a metal belt should be very flexible , so with minimal thickness, that can be a real problem to conduct high current.

A chain could be a solution, or several, but there will be magnetic field generated by current, and we have to be very careful with parasitic effects wich will affect the efficiency.
Will think about it more seriously when I will have time for that.

I bet that if you measure the time to reach a set velocity, stop the disc, and then restart it, that the time to reach the same set velocity will be reduced.
If you try this and it proves correct, please let us know.

Not possible to measure, revs go up too quickly, from 0 to max speed, there is about 1 second as the X-machine is small...

[Grumage]

Hi Hunternico.

Welcome to OUR.

Just a thought, perhaps the self adhesive Copper tape that's available as Slug repellent could be used by folding it over on itself? You could sandwich a fabric ribbon to provide extra strength?

Cheers Graham.

[F6FLT]

Hi Hunternico,

If you wish to explore a new way of homopolar generator, Faraday disks having already been the subject of a multitude of studies and experiments, I propose you one of my inventions, the homopolar generator with ferromagnetic axle, without disk, easily reproducible, producing a voltage of the order of magnitude of that of the Faraday disk, already discussed briefly here: https://www.overunityresearch.com/index.php?topic=3738.0

As you can see from the setup picture at the link above, I'm a poor handyman when it comes to anything mechanical, which is why I didn't pursue this topic. As I see that you are much better, I think you could also achieve much better results and maybe get something out of it.

The fact that the rotating shaft has to be ferromagnetic and that the sliding contacts are at the same distance from the centre of the axis, make it really different from the Faraday disc. To my knowledge, this device has never been described in the literature, so it is a good avenue to explore.

[Hunternico]

So, here is new results with aluminium axle and aluminium  disc.

Just as detail, I put some plastic sheets between magnets and disc, because I don't want the current to flow by the magnets.



I have also made a little upgrade for the carbon brush on the axle, even if I didn't use it for this test.
Now it's position is closer from  the disc, for 2 reasons, lessen the resistance,and avoid parasites effects with the ball bearing (magnetic field created around axle by the current, and interacting with ferromagnetic bearing)





I have changed the scale for the graphic wich is now more "readable"

Results with Alu/alu configuration:



First results with coppper/copper configuration



As you can see, current seems to rise quicker with alumium configuration (exponential?), even if it start at a lower value.
It was more "linear" with copper configuration.

I will test now current between  axle and disc, who will  for sure be lower (/2), because the "final" X-machine will be based on this principle.

I will explain later why 

After that I will continue testing with other materials I have.

AXLE / DISC:
Brass/brass
Bronze/steel
Bronze/copper
Bronze/aluminium
Bronze/ stainless steel (I have to cut a disc...)
Alu/copper
Alu/steel

etc....

Display at max speed (12480rpm)



Hi Graham, not a bad idea, ,thanks for the advice


Hi F6FLT, I will try and tell you, but actually I don't have the right magnet to test this configuration.
When I will have more time I will simulate you configuration with FEMM (free software : https://www.femm.info/wiki/HomePage).

But when I think to your diagram, in my mind if it works like that, it could better work with the axle inside the magnet hole, and contacts on each side of the axle (just an intuition) 

I will simulate it too in order to see what happens with the magnetic field.

[F6FLT]

...
Hi F6FLT, I will try and tell you, but actually I don't have the right magnet to test this configuration.
When I will have more time I will simulate you configuration with FEMM (free software : https://www.femm.info/wiki/HomePage).

But when I think to your diagram, in my mind if it works like that, it could better work with the axle inside the magnet hole, and contacts on each side of the axle (just an intuition) 

I will simulate it too in order to see what happens with the magnetic field.

Hunternico, thanks for considering making my generator.

The axle in the middle of the magnet doesn't help (I tried), as well as if the sliding contacts are on each side of the magnet because then the voltages are in opposition.

The only condition is that the 2 contacts are on the same side of the magnet, one at the position where the field is maximum, so as close as possible, and the other where the field is weakest (this second position is not critical because the field reduces very quickly when you move away from the magnet).
The axis must be ferromagnetic to concentrate the magnetic field.
The magnets are cylindrical magnets recovered from a microwave oven, but speaker magnets would certainly be suitable.

Something very interesting to do would be to use a thin axle, ended by spikes, wedged between 2 metal pieces serving as support and where a small hollow would not only allow the sliding contact, but also the spikes to be maintained while being able to rotate, the drive of the axle being done by a pulley at high speed.
Sliding contacts at the ends of the axis would allow to completely eliminate a "Faraday disk" type of functioning, and to accredit a new functioning linked to the electronic spin.

[Hunternico]

Another test...

This time  it's with brass axle and disc.

Here is the configuration:





At max speed (12660rpm)


And here is the results:



Values are very similar for each configuration, except for the current delivery with aluminium, start lower and then rise quickly,  even if the max values are the sames for each material.

I'm a little bit curious to see what will happen with more rpm, but for the moment I don't want to go faster as I am a bit affraid of exploding the magnets.

When all  materials will be tested, in function  of all the results, I  will try to "push" some configurations faster to see  what will happen.

I have measured the magnets with my gaussmeter, max values are 573mT on the outter rim for 269mT inside, that is not so high, but magnets are small.

I am waiting for axial magnets too, will do the sames tests with them, after that I will have a good base for the next step.

The axle in the middle of the magnet doesn't help (I tried), as well as if the sliding contacts are on each side of the magnet because then the voltages are in opposition.

So there is probably the possiblity to"bridge" both side to double the efficiency? (even if there is 2 axle not connected on each side, it will not be so hard to do with one drive axle and pulleys to train the axles)

Something very interesting to do would be to use a thin axle, ended by spikes, wedged between 2 metal pieces serving as support and where a small hollow would not only allow the sliding contact

Will be harder to do, small surface contact, high rpm, friction  will generate lots of heat and the pikes will probably melt...
The assembly must be strong enough to support the training.

But I understand what you mean, will think about it.

[F6FLT]

...
So there is probably the possiblity to"bridge" both side to double the efficiency? (even if there is 2 axle not connected on each side, it will not be so hard to do with one drive axle and pulleys to train the axles)
...

Certainly, but it would take two more sliding contacts, I don't think that would be valid. It is at the level of the contacts that we have the most losses. I saw that you got more than 1A at 12660 RPM, which is a sign of very good contacts and careful workmanship. I have rarely seen such good results (except in industrial homopolar machines).

Concerning my device, the goal is rather to try to understand the principle by different test configurations, because contrary to the Faraday disk, the Lorentz force does not seem to be at work, that is what is very intriguing.

[Hunternico]

Post moved in F6FLT's post

[Hunternico]

I have simulated the magnetic fiel generated with my actual configuration (radialy magnetized magnets) for several materials; here is the results:

Aluminium disc and axle:



More detailled:


Copper disc and axle:



More detailled:


Steel disc and axle:



More detailled:


No big diferences between copper and alumminium, exceptfor the iron wich is normal, values are higher (beware of the color scale... )

I have "T" discs in aluminium,copper and steel to test too (with steel I think it will be very difficult to remove the magnets from inside ...It was already difficult with the copper one...will test it at last).







I have tested quickly the copper "T" at the real begining, but didn't take any values... 
One more thing to do

I'm not sure discs are the best configuration, as the magnetic field quickly decrease with distance from the magnets.

As already saw, when I move a little bit away the carbon brush on the disc from the border of the magnet, the values quickly decrease.

[F6FLT]

@Hunternico

Very interesting. Even if the difference between an iron or aluminium axle does not seem obvious on the simulation, it is in reality. I could not measure any current with aluminium. I think there is a voltage, but it was too low for detection.
We can see very well on your simulation the dissymmetry that iron causes on the flux, compared to aluminium.

The ferromagnetism of the axle seems very important. The second point is that the magnet diameter should be as large as possible. I had tried to replace my ferrite microwave magnets with a more powerful neodymium magnet, but with a smaller diameter. The result was not so good.
I think that the flux should go as far as possible along the axle, and the larger the magnet, the more this is the case as the field lines will be able to loop back further. This can also be seen very well in the simulation: the field lines loop farther with the iron axle than with the aluminium axle.

[Hunternico]

Post moved in F6FLT's post.

[F6FLT]

I have updated the thread on my generator, it is here:
https://www.overunityresearch.com/index.php?topic=3738.msg102373#msg102373