I find this statement confusing! Circular in the core? You have a circular ring core and the B field forms circular lines within it. Flux is that B field times the area so the flux is the total number of lines forming a circular ring of flux (the old measure of flux was lines per square cm). OK, let's see if we can agree on some common truths with conventional theory! We apply a DC voltage to a primary on a toroid core. This results in a current ramp that starts from zero and increases to some peak value without reaching saturation of the core. During this current ramp, flux starts from zero and increases to a peak value in the core. During this time, zero flux appears inside the hole of the core or outside the core and therefore zero E-Field can appear around the core. There is zero flux external to the core material but there is the magnetic vector potential A field there. And that A field changing with time (d A/dt) produces the E field. I am surprised you say zero E field during this flux build-up because you know that V occurs while the flux is changing. We also have placed a single turn secondary completely around the core. We know that this completed turn will produce a voltage between it's open ends. Why? Because the surface bounded by the secondary loop cuts through the core where the flux B is varying with time. Which it does through this build-up phase, producing the E field that drives the electrons in the secondary wire to create the voltage. If we agree thus far, then how does the potential across the secondary vary through it's perimeter? Ah, I think I can see where the problem lies. You consider the surface bounded by the loop is where the magic happens and that is where the voltage happens. That is incorrect. The flux passing through that surface doesn't magically induce voltage at its periphery, it is more complex than that. You have to integrate the A vector tangential component along the conductor and take rate-of-change of that sum to get the voltage. That integral sum is equal to the flux passing through that surface, but that does not mean the electric field driving the electrons is equally distributed around its boundary. V=dΦ/dt hides the E field necessary to create the voltage. My image shows the A vectors, hence also the E vectors, in their true colours. Smudge
« Last Edit: 2026-01-24, 17:43:14 by Smudge »
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Topic: Transformer Induction (Read 26399 times)
